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2022
Gil-Lalaguna, Noemí; Navarro-Gil, África; Carstensen, Hans-Heinrich; Ruiz, Joaquín; Fonts, Isabel; Ceamanos, Jesús; Murillo, María Benita; Gea, Gloria
CO2 adsorption on pyrolysis char from protein-containing livestock waste: How do proteins affect? Artículo de revista
En: Science of The Total Environment, vol. 846, pp. 157395, 2022, ISSN: 0048-9697.
@article{Gil-Lalaguna2022,
title = {CO2 adsorption on pyrolysis char from protein-containing livestock waste: How do proteins affect?},
author = {Noemí Gil-Lalaguna and África Navarro-Gil and Hans-Heinrich Carstensen and Joaquín Ruiz and Isabel Fonts and Jesús Ceamanos and María Benita Murillo and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.157395},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-01},
urldate = {2022-11-01},
journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
volume = {846},
pages = {157395},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Biogas generation through anaerobic digestion provides an interesting opportunity to valorize some types of animal waste materials whose management is increasingly complicated by legal and environmental restrictions. To successfully expand anaerobic digestion in livestock areas, operational issues such as digestate management must be addressed in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. Biogas upgrading is another necessary stage before intending it to add-value applications. The high concentration of CO2 in biogas results in a reduced caloric value, so the removal of CO2 would be beneficial for most end-users. The current work evaluates the CO2 uptake properties (thermogravimetry study) of low-cost adsorbent materials produced from the animal wastes generated in the livestock area itself, specifically via pyrolysis of poorly biodegradable materials, such as meat and bone meal, and the digestate from manure anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the new element in this study with respect to other studies found in the literature related to biochar-based CO2 adsorption performance is the presence of high content of pyrolyzed proteins in the adsorbent material. In this work, pyrolyzed chars from both meat and bone meal and co-digested manure have been proven to adsorb CO2 reversibly, and also the chars produced from their representative pure proteins (collagen and soybean protein), which were evaluated as model compounds for a better understanding of the individual performance of proteins. The ultra-microporosity developed in the protein chars during pyrolysis seems to be the main explanation for such CO2 uptake capacities, while neither the BET surface area nor N-functionalities on the char surface can properly explain the observed results. Although the CO2 adsorption capacities of these pristine chars (6–41.0 mg CO2/g char) are far away from data of commercially activated carbons ($sim$80 mg CO2/g char), this application opens a new via to integrate and valorize these wastes in the circular economy of the primary sector.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biogas generation through anaerobic digestion provides an interesting opportunity to valorize some types of animal waste materials whose management is increasingly complicated by legal and environmental restrictions. To successfully expand anaerobic digestion in livestock areas, operational issues such as digestate management must be addressed in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. Biogas upgrading is another necessary stage before intending it to add-value applications. The high concentration of CO2 in biogas results in a reduced caloric value, so the removal of CO2 would be beneficial for most end-users. The current work evaluates the CO2 uptake properties (thermogravimetry study) of low-cost adsorbent materials produced from the animal wastes generated in the livestock area itself, specifically via pyrolysis of poorly biodegradable materials, such as meat and bone meal, and the digestate from manure anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the new element in this study with respect to other studies found in the literature related to biochar-based CO2 adsorption performance is the presence of high content of pyrolyzed proteins in the adsorbent material. In this work, pyrolyzed chars from both meat and bone meal and co-digested manure have been proven to adsorb CO2 reversibly, and also the chars produced from their representative pure proteins (collagen and soybean protein), which were evaluated as model compounds for a better understanding of the individual performance of proteins. The ultra-microporosity developed in the protein chars during pyrolysis seems to be the main explanation for such CO2 uptake capacities, while neither the BET surface area nor N-functionalities on the char surface can properly explain the observed results. Although the CO2 adsorption capacities of these pristine chars (6–41.0 mg CO2/g char) are far away from data of commercially activated carbons ($sim$80 mg CO2/g char), this application opens a new via to integrate and valorize these wastes in the circular economy of the primary sector.
2021
Romero, Enrique; García, Lucía; Ceamanos, Jesús
Moodle and Socrative quizzes as formative aids on theory teaching in a chemical engineering subject Artículo de revista
En: Education for Chemical Engineers, vol. 36, pp. 54–64, 2021, ISSN: 17497728.
@article{Romero2021,
title = {Moodle and Socrative quizzes as formative aids on theory teaching in a chemical engineering subject},
author = {Enrique Romero and Lucía García and Jesús Ceamanos},
doi = {10.1016/j.ece.2021.03.001},
issn = {17497728},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-01},
journal = {Education for Chemical Engineers},
volume = {36},
pages = {54--64},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {There is a majority opinion on the positive influence of using technologies in teaching. However, few studies account for their effect on students' final grades. Traditional theory teaching often shows a lack of students' motivation, engagement and self-efficacy. A way to improve these is to include quizzes, which may allow students to gain in skills acquisition feedback and self-regulation, and to control their own way to construct knowledge. The suggested methodology embeds quizzes and tests through two ICT, each one with a different strategy. One is the use of quick and real-time quizzes with Socrative, focused in promoting motivation and engagement in the classroom. The second is the use of tests with Moodle for a longer time scale (blocks of lessons). Both tests and quizzes were designed as formative activities: the students are able to gain feed-back, weaknesses identification and better programming of their work. Three ‘tools' (one Moodle test; three Socrative quizzes; no tool/only traditional teaching) were rotated among three different cohorts and blocks in a Chemical Engineering subject (n=49 students). Effects on the students' learning outcomes (grades) at the final theory exam were evaluated by blocks. A paired-data one-factor ANOVA test showed no significant statistical differences in using Moodle tests or Socrative quizzes or not. Some possible negative influences over data were identified and improvements for further study have been suggested. An intensification of quizzes and tests could be relevant. Although no significant improvement over grades was obtained, the use of both tools was positively valued for students and instructors. Surveys' results showed that the proposed methodology may create a more attractive and self-regulated educational environment. However, this study supports that students' previous perceptions about the tools may condition their final perceptions over the ICTs real aid for learning and their future academic outcomes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There is a majority opinion on the positive influence of using technologies in teaching. However, few studies account for their effect on students’ final grades. Traditional theory teaching often shows a lack of students’ motivation, engagement and self-efficacy. A way to improve these is to include quizzes, which may allow students to gain in skills acquisition feedback and self-regulation, and to control their own way to construct knowledge. The suggested methodology embeds quizzes and tests through two ICT, each one with a different strategy. One is the use of quick and real-time quizzes with Socrative, focused in promoting motivation and engagement in the classroom. The second is the use of tests with Moodle for a longer time scale (blocks of lessons). Both tests and quizzes were designed as formative activities: the students are able to gain feed-back, weaknesses identification and better programming of their work. Three ‘tools’ (one Moodle test; three Socrative quizzes; no tool/only traditional teaching) were rotated among three different cohorts and blocks in a Chemical Engineering subject (n=49 students). Effects on the students’ learning outcomes (grades) at the final theory exam were evaluated by blocks. A paired-data one-factor ANOVA test showed no significant statistical differences in using Moodle tests or Socrative quizzes or not. Some possible negative influences over data were identified and improvements for further study have been suggested. An intensification of quizzes and tests could be relevant. Although no significant improvement over grades was obtained, the use of both tools was positively valued for students and instructors. Surveys’ results showed that the proposed methodology may create a more attractive and self-regulated educational environment. However, this study supports that students’ previous perceptions about the tools may condition their final perceptions over the ICTs real aid for learning and their future academic outcomes.
2018
Atienza-Martínez, María; Ábrego, Javier; Mastral, José Francisco; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment Artículo de revista
En: Energy, vol. 144, pp. 723–735, 2018, ISSN: 03605442.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2018,
title = {Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Javier Ábrego and José Francisco Mastral and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.007},
issn = {03605442},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-01},
journal = {Energy},
volume = {144},
pages = {723--735},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental data and evaluated under different conditions. The results indicated that the endothermicity decreased with the severity of the process. The energy recovery from the products favored the exothermicity of the processes. The three-step process (pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge combined with catalytic post-treatment of the hot vapors) was the least exergy efficient scenario.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental data and evaluated under different conditions. The results indicated that the endothermicity decreased with the severity of the process. The energy recovery from the products favored the exothermicity of the processes. The three-step process (pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge combined with catalytic post-treatment of the hot vapors) was the least exergy efficient scenario.
2017
Atienza-Martínez, María; Rubio, I; Fonts, Isabel; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Effect of torrefaction on the catalytic post-treatment of sewage sludge pyrolysis vapors using $gamma$-Al2O3 Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 308, pp. 264–274, 2017, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2017,
title = {Effect of torrefaction on the catalytic post-treatment of sewage sludge pyrolysis vapors using $gamma$-Al2O3},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and I Rubio and Isabel Fonts and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.042},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {308},
pages = {264--274},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {This work examines the influence of sewage sludge pre-treatment by torrefaction on the distribution and properties of the products obtained from its pyrolysis followed by catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors. Sewage sludge was first torrefied in an auger reactor under two different conditions: temperature of 250 °C and 275°C and average solid residence times of 13 min and 24 min, respectively. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530 °C in a fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors was carried out in a fixed bed reactor using gamma-alumina ($gamma$-Al2O3) as a catalyst. The experimental results showed that the combination of the torrefaction pre-treatment with the catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors did not noticeably improved the properties of the liquid organic phases for use as a fuel, in terms of O/C molar ratio and nitrogen content, compared to pyrolysis of sewage sludge with the same catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors but without the torrefaction pre-treatment. Generally, the torrefaction did not have effect on the type of chemical families identified in the liquid phases and had little effect on the proportion of these families. The advantages of the combination of treatments were, on the one hand, the catalyst saving resulting from the lower amount of vapors generated by the pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge and, on the other hand, the slight decrease in the coke yield.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This work examines the influence of sewage sludge pre-treatment by torrefaction on the distribution and properties of the products obtained from its pyrolysis followed by catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors. Sewage sludge was first torrefied in an auger reactor under two different conditions: temperature of 250 °C and 275°C and average solid residence times of 13 min and 24 min, respectively. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530 °C in a fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors was carried out in a fixed bed reactor using gamma-alumina ($gamma$-Al2O3) as a catalyst. The experimental results showed that the combination of the torrefaction pre-treatment with the catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors did not noticeably improved the properties of the liquid organic phases for use as a fuel, in terms of O/C molar ratio and nitrogen content, compared to pyrolysis of sewage sludge with the same catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors but without the torrefaction pre-treatment. Generally, the torrefaction did not have effect on the type of chemical families identified in the liquid phases and had little effect on the proportion of these families. The advantages of the combination of treatments were, on the one hand, the catalyst saving resulting from the lower amount of vapors generated by the pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge and, on the other hand, the slight decrease in the coke yield.
2015
Atienza-Martínez, María; Fonts, Isabel; Lázaro, Luisa; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Fast pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 259, pp. 467–480, 2015, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2015a,
title = {Fast pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Isabel Fonts and Luisa Lázaro and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.004},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {259},
pages = {467--480},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The pyrolysis of dry and of torrefied sewage sludge in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor has been studied in order to determine whether torrefaction pre-treatment could enhance the properties of the liquid product obtained after pyrolysis. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the torrefaction temperature (220-320°C) and average solid residence time (3.6-10.2min) on the product distribution and the properties of the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530°C with an average solid residence time of 5.7min and a nitrogen volumetric flow per reactor area of 0.074m3(STP)m-2s-1 (measured at 0°C and 1.01textperiodcentered105Pa). The experimental results show that torrefaction pre-treatment affects the pyrolysis liquid product, although it does not improve the homogeneity of the liquid. Specifically, it reduces the yields of water and the liquid aqueous phase obtained in the pyrolysis step, especially after torrefaction under the most severe conditions, but it does not have a great effect on the properties of the liquid organic phases obtained. The cumulative yields of gas and organic compounds from the two-step process are not different from the yields obtained from one-step pyrolysis. textcopyright 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The pyrolysis of dry and of torrefied sewage sludge in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor has been studied in order to determine whether torrefaction pre-treatment could enhance the properties of the liquid product obtained after pyrolysis. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the torrefaction temperature (220-320°C) and average solid residence time (3.6-10.2min) on the product distribution and the properties of the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530°C with an average solid residence time of 5.7min and a nitrogen volumetric flow per reactor area of 0.074m3(STP)m-2s-1 (measured at 0°C and 1.01textperiodcentered105Pa). The experimental results show that torrefaction pre-treatment affects the pyrolysis liquid product, although it does not improve the homogeneity of the liquid. Specifically, it reduces the yields of water and the liquid aqueous phase obtained in the pyrolysis step, especially after torrefaction under the most severe conditions, but it does not have a great effect on the properties of the liquid organic phases obtained. The cumulative yields of gas and organic compounds from the two-step process are not different from the yields obtained from one-step pyrolysis. textcopyright 2014 Elsevier B.V.