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PUBLICATIONS
2021
González‐González, Reyna Berenice; Ruiz‐Gómez, Nadia; Gea, Gloria; Vázquez‐Pinon, Matias; Martinez‐Chapa, Sergio O.; Caballero, Porfirio; Mendoza, Alberto
Valorization of waste tires by pyrolysis and activation processes Journal Article
In: Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 14, 2021, ISSN: 20763417.
@article{Gonzalezgonzalez2021,
title = {Valorization of waste tires by pyrolysis and activation processes},
author = {Reyna Berenice González‐González and Nadia Ruiz‐Gómez and Gloria Gea and Matias Vázquez‐Pinon and Sergio O. Martinez‐Chapa and Porfirio Caballero and Alberto Mendoza},
doi = {10.3390/app11146342},
issn = {20763417},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {14},
abstract = {The problems related to the increase in the generation of discarded tires demonstrate the need for profitable, efficient, cost‐effective, and sustainable processes for their waste management. In particular, the valorization of pyrolytic solids for energy storage applications is of interest. In this study, four processes were performed: (1) pyrolysis; (2) chemical activation and pyrolysis; (3) pyrolysis and physical activation; and (4) chemical activation, pyrolysis, and physical activation. The process consisting of chemical activation, pyrolysis, and physical activation yielded 52% solid material with the highest electrical conductivity (2.43 $Ømega$–1 cm–1) and a surface area of 339 m2/g with an average pore size of 3.6 nm. In addition, it was found that pore size had a greater effect on the conductivity than surface area. Liquid and gas fraction compositions were modified by the presence of chemical activation: aromatization reactions were favored, and limonene was not observed in the liquid fraction, while an increase on the CH4 concentration caused an increment in the heating value of the gas fraction. It was demonstrated that chemical and physical activation enhance the properties of the pyrolytic solid product derived from waste tires that make it suitable for the partial substitution of materials for electric energy storage applications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The problems related to the increase in the generation of discarded tires demonstrate the need for profitable, efficient, cost‐effective, and sustainable processes for their waste management. In particular, the valorization of pyrolytic solids for energy storage applications is of interest. In this study, four processes were performed: (1) pyrolysis; (2) chemical activation and pyrolysis; (3) pyrolysis and physical activation; and (4) chemical activation, pyrolysis, and physical activation. The process consisting of chemical activation, pyrolysis, and physical activation yielded 52% solid material with the highest electrical conductivity (2.43 $Ømega$–1 cm–1) and a surface area of 339 m2/g with an average pore size of 3.6 nm. In addition, it was found that pore size had a greater effect on the conductivity than surface area. Liquid and gas fraction compositions were modified by the presence of chemical activation: aromatization reactions were favored, and limonene was not observed in the liquid fraction, while an increase on the CH4 concentration caused an increment in the heating value of the gas fraction. It was demonstrated that chemical and physical activation enhance the properties of the pyrolytic solid product derived from waste tires that make it suitable for the partial substitution of materials for electric energy storage applications.
2020
Atienza-Martínez, María; Suraini, Nurull Nadia Binti; Ábrego, Javier; Fonts, Isabel; Lázaro, Luisa; Carstensen, Hans-Heinrich; Gea, Gloria
Functionalization of sewage sludge char by partial oxidation with molecular oxygen to enhance its adsorptive properties Journal Article
In: Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 125201, 2020, ISSN: 09596526.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2020b,
title = {Functionalization of sewage sludge char by partial oxidation with molecular oxygen to enhance its adsorptive properties},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Nurull Nadia Binti Suraini and Javier Ábrego and Isabel Fonts and Luisa Lázaro and Hans-Heinrich Carstensen and Gloria Gea},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652620352458},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125201},
issn = {09596526},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
pages = {125201},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Atienza-Martínez, María; Ábrego, Javier; Gea, Gloria; Marías, Frédéric
Pyrolysis of dairy cattle manure: evolution of char characteristics Journal Article
In: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 145, pp. 104724, 2020, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2020,
title = {Pyrolysis of dairy cattle manure: evolution of char characteristics},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Javier Ábrego and Gloria Gea and Frédéric Marías},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104724},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {145},
pages = {104724},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Livestock manure management constitutes a major challenge at this time. Traditionally, this waste has been used as fertilizer. Excessive application of this residual organic matter on agricultural soils can cause soil quality degradation due to heavy metals accumulation, migration of pathogens to water sources and food, and generation of greenhouse gases. As a promising alternative to land application, pyrolysis of livestock manure allows to obtain biochar, bio-oil and syngas. The goal of this work is to study slow pyrolysis of digested dairy cattle manure (DM) both through one-step and multi-step pyrolysis at increasing temperature in the range 250-600 °C. The non-condensable gases composition was continuously analyzed by gas chromatography. Char properties were characterized by ultimate analysis, heavy metals content, ash content, higher heating value (HHV), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), textural properties (specific surface area, pore volume and average pore width) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that both the product distribution and the properties of char depended on pyrolysis temperature. Char obtained after the last step of multi-step pyrolysis had similar properties to that obtained in one-step pyrolysis. Thus, the cooling and re-heating of the solid between steps did not have a significant effect on the pyrolysis pathway. Pyrolysis at between 400-550 °C allowed to reach a compromise between char pH and electrical conductivity for its potential use as soil amendment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Livestock manure management constitutes a major challenge at this time. Traditionally, this waste has been used as fertilizer. Excessive application of this residual organic matter on agricultural soils can cause soil quality degradation due to heavy metals accumulation, migration of pathogens to water sources and food, and generation of greenhouse gases. As a promising alternative to land application, pyrolysis of livestock manure allows to obtain biochar, bio-oil and syngas. The goal of this work is to study slow pyrolysis of digested dairy cattle manure (DM) both through one-step and multi-step pyrolysis at increasing temperature in the range 250-600 °C. The non-condensable gases composition was continuously analyzed by gas chromatography. Char properties were characterized by ultimate analysis, heavy metals content, ash content, higher heating value (HHV), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), textural properties (specific surface area, pore volume and average pore width) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that both the product distribution and the properties of char depended on pyrolysis temperature. Char obtained after the last step of multi-step pyrolysis had similar properties to that obtained in one-step pyrolysis. Thus, the cooling and re-heating of the solid between steps did not have a significant effect on the pyrolysis pathway. Pyrolysis at between 400-550 °C allowed to reach a compromise between char pH and electrical conductivity for its potential use as soil amendment.
2018
Ábrego, Javier; Plaza, Daniel; Luño, Francisco; Atienza-Martínez, María; Gea, Gloria
Pyrolysis of cashew nutshells: Characterization of products and energy balance Journal Article
In: Energy, vol. 158, pp. 72–80, 2018, ISSN: 03605442.
@article{Abrego2018,
title = {Pyrolysis of cashew nutshells: Characterization of products and energy balance},
author = {Javier Ábrego and Daniel Plaza and Francisco Luño and María Atienza-Martínez and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.011},
issn = {03605442},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-01},
journal = {Energy},
volume = {158},
pages = {72--80},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Cashew cultivation leads to the generation of large amounts of nutshells. In order to determine whether pyrolysis could be a suitable method for the valorization of this agricultural residue, cashew nutshells (CNS) from Burkina Faso were pyrolyzed in the temperature range between 400 and 600 °C in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The solid, liquid and gaseous fractions were quantified and characterized, with special focus on the solid product. Recovery of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was accomplished during pyrolysis separately from the pyrolysis liquid. Results suggest that, except for the aqueous fraction, all the products obtained from pyrolysis are suitable for fuel purposes, and that part of the CNSL can be recovered below 200 °C during the heating process. A preliminary energy balance of the process shows that burning the gases can provide the energy necessary for the process at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cashew cultivation leads to the generation of large amounts of nutshells. In order to determine whether pyrolysis could be a suitable method for the valorization of this agricultural residue, cashew nutshells (CNS) from Burkina Faso were pyrolyzed in the temperature range between 400 and 600 °C in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The solid, liquid and gaseous fractions were quantified and characterized, with special focus on the solid product. Recovery of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was accomplished during pyrolysis separately from the pyrolysis liquid. Results suggest that, except for the aqueous fraction, all the products obtained from pyrolysis are suitable for fuel purposes, and that part of the CNSL can be recovered below 200 °C during the heating process. A preliminary energy balance of the process shows that burning the gases can provide the energy necessary for the process at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C.
Atienza-Martínez, María; Ábrego, Javier; Mastral, José Francisco; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment Journal Article
In: Energy, vol. 144, pp. 723–735, 2018, ISSN: 03605442.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2018,
title = {Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Javier Ábrego and José Francisco Mastral and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.007},
issn = {03605442},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-01},
journal = {Energy},
volume = {144},
pages = {723--735},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental data and evaluated under different conditions. The results indicated that the endothermicity decreased with the severity of the process. The energy recovery from the products favored the exothermicity of the processes. The three-step process (pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge combined with catalytic post-treatment of the hot vapors) was the least exergy efficient scenario.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental data and evaluated under different conditions. The results indicated that the endothermicity decreased with the severity of the process. The energy recovery from the products favored the exothermicity of the processes. The three-step process (pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge combined with catalytic post-treatment of the hot vapors) was the least exergy efficient scenario.