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PUBLICATIONS
2017
Ruiz-Gómez, Nadia; Quispe, Violeta; Ábrego, Javier; Atienza-Martínez, María; Murillo, María Benita; Gea, Gloria
Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and manure Journal Article
In: Waste Management, vol. 59, pp. 211–221, 2017, ISSN: 18792456.
@article{Ruiz-Gomez2017,
title = {Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and manure},
author = {Nadia Ruiz-Gómez and Violeta Quispe and Javier Ábrego and María Atienza-Martínez and María Benita Murillo and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.013},
issn = {18792456},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Waste Management},
volume = {59},
pages = {211--221},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The management and valorization of residual organic matter, such as sewage sludge and manure, is gaining interest because of the increasing volume of these residues, their localized generation and the related problems. The anaerobic digestion of mixtures of sewage sludge and manure could be performed due to the similarities between both residues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and digested manure (DM) as a potential management technology for these residues. Pyrolysis of a sewage sludge/manure blend (50:50%) was performed at 525 °C in a stirred batch reactor under N2 atmosphere. The product yields and some characteristics of the product were analyzed and compared to the results obtained in the pyrolysis of pure residues. Potential synergetic and antagonist effects during the co-pyrolysis process were evaluated. Although sewage sludge and manure seem similar in nature, there are differences in their pyrolysis product properties and distribution due to their distinct ash and organic matter composition. For the co-pyrolysis of SS and DM, the product yields did not show noticeable synergistic effects with the exception of the yields of organic compounds, being slightly higher than the predicted average, and the H2 yield, being lower than expected. Co-pyrolysis of SS and DM could be a feasible management alternative for these residues in locations where both residues are generated, since the benefits and the drawbacks of the co-pyrolysis are similar to those of the pyrolysis of each residue.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The management and valorization of residual organic matter, such as sewage sludge and manure, is gaining interest because of the increasing volume of these residues, their localized generation and the related problems. The anaerobic digestion of mixtures of sewage sludge and manure could be performed due to the similarities between both residues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and digested manure (DM) as a potential management technology for these residues. Pyrolysis of a sewage sludge/manure blend (50:50%) was performed at 525 °C in a stirred batch reactor under N2 atmosphere. The product yields and some characteristics of the product were analyzed and compared to the results obtained in the pyrolysis of pure residues. Potential synergetic and antagonist effects during the co-pyrolysis process were evaluated. Although sewage sludge and manure seem similar in nature, there are differences in their pyrolysis product properties and distribution due to their distinct ash and organic matter composition. For the co-pyrolysis of SS and DM, the product yields did not show noticeable synergistic effects with the exception of the yields of organic compounds, being slightly higher than the predicted average, and the H2 yield, being lower than expected. Co-pyrolysis of SS and DM could be a feasible management alternative for these residues in locations where both residues are generated, since the benefits and the drawbacks of the co-pyrolysis are similar to those of the pyrolysis of each residue.
2016
Botella, Lucía; Sierra, Marina; Bimbela, Fernando; Gea, Gloria; Sánchez, José Luis; Gonzalo, Alberto
Enhancement of Biodiesel Oxidation Stability Using Additives Obtained from Sewage Sludge Fast-Pyrolysis Liquids Journal Article
In: Energy and Fuels, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 302–310, 2016, ISSN: 15205029.
@article{Botella2016,
title = {Enhancement of Biodiesel Oxidation Stability Using Additives Obtained from Sewage Sludge Fast-Pyrolysis Liquids},
author = {Lucía Botella and Marina Sierra and Fernando Bimbela and Gloria Gea and José Luis Sánchez and Alberto Gonzalo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01681},
issn = {15205029},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {302--310},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {In the present work, bio-oil derived from the catalytic pyrolysis of sewage sludge has been blended in small amounts with sunflower biodiesel with the aim of evaluating its potential as a novel, low-cost, and renewable biodiesel additive that could replace costly commercial biodiesel antioxidants normally used to date. The effect of blending small amounts of bio-oil with sunflower biodiesel on the biodiesel properties (oxidation stability, cold flow properties, flash point, and viscosity) has been analyzed. Furthermore, apart from studying the effect of adding low bio-oil concentrations (0.1, 1.8, and 3.5 mass %), the effect of other operating conditions, specifically the temperature (278-333 K) and mixing time (5-60 min), during the bio-oil and biodiesel blend preparations has also been analyzed. With regard the oxidation stability, blends prepared adding 3.5% mass fraction of bio-oil complied with the limits imposed by the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Blending sewage sludge bio-oil and sunflower biodiesel did not result in an enhancement of the biodiesel cold flow properties in the studied range, while the flash point of these blends was lower than that of pure sunflower biodiesel. The viscosity was barely affected in all cases. The oxidation stability enhancement achieved by the addition of bio-oil obtained from sewage sludge catalytic pyrolysis was higher than the enhancement obtained with bio-oil from non-catalytic pyrolysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the present work, bio-oil derived from the catalytic pyrolysis of sewage sludge has been blended in small amounts with sunflower biodiesel with the aim of evaluating its potential as a novel, low-cost, and renewable biodiesel additive that could replace costly commercial biodiesel antioxidants normally used to date. The effect of blending small amounts of bio-oil with sunflower biodiesel on the biodiesel properties (oxidation stability, cold flow properties, flash point, and viscosity) has been analyzed. Furthermore, apart from studying the effect of adding low bio-oil concentrations (0.1, 1.8, and 3.5 mass %), the effect of other operating conditions, specifically the temperature (278-333 K) and mixing time (5-60 min), during the bio-oil and biodiesel blend preparations has also been analyzed. With regard the oxidation stability, blends prepared adding 3.5% mass fraction of bio-oil complied with the limits imposed by the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Blending sewage sludge bio-oil and sunflower biodiesel did not result in an enhancement of the biodiesel cold flow properties in the studied range, while the flash point of these blends was lower than that of pure sunflower biodiesel. The viscosity was barely affected in all cases. The oxidation stability enhancement achieved by the addition of bio-oil obtained from sewage sludge catalytic pyrolysis was higher than the enhancement obtained with bio-oil from non-catalytic pyrolysis.
2015
Gil-Lalaguna, Noemí; Sánchez, José Luis; Murillo, María Benita; Gea, Gloria
Use of sewage sludge combustion ash and gasification ash for high-temperature desulphurization of different gas streams Journal Article
In: Fuel, vol. 141, pp. 99–108, 2015, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{Gil-Lalaguna2015,
title = {Use of sewage sludge combustion ash and gasification ash for high-temperature desulphurization of different gas streams},
author = {Noemí Gil-Lalaguna and José Luis Sánchez and María Benita Murillo and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.036},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {141},
pages = {99--108},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Due to its metal content, sewage sludge ash appears as a potential sorbent material for H2S removal at high temperature. The desulphurization ability of the solid by-products of combustion and gasification of sewage sludge has been evaluated in this work. Ash characterization results revealed that metal fraction in sewage sludge did not remained completely inert during combustion and gasification processes. Iron content was lower in the gasification ash and X-ray patterns showed different crystalline phases in the solids: Fe2O3 in the combustion ash and Fe3O4 in the gasification ash. These differences resulted in a lower sulphur capture capacity of the gasification ash. Desulphurization tests were carried out in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor operating at 600-800 °C. Different gases containing 5000 ppmv H2S (H2S/N2 mixture and synthetic gasification gas) were used. The H2S breakthrough curves were negatively affected by the reducing atmosphere created by the gasification gas and by the presence of steam in the reaction medium. However, H2S breakthrough curves alone do not provide enough information to evaluate the sulphur capture capacity of the sorbent materials. Ultimate analyses of the spent solid samples showed that the total amount of H2S removed from the gas was only partially captured in the ash. Thermodynamic data pointed to a significant fraction of sulphur forming part of other gases, such as SO2. In the best operating conditions, an outlet gas with less than 100 ppmv H2S was obtained during 300 min, thus resulting in a sulphur loading of 63 mg S gash-1. This experimental sulphur content was 39% lower than the maximum value predicted by equilibrium simulations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Due to its metal content, sewage sludge ash appears as a potential sorbent material for H2S removal at high temperature. The desulphurization ability of the solid by-products of combustion and gasification of sewage sludge has been evaluated in this work. Ash characterization results revealed that metal fraction in sewage sludge did not remained completely inert during combustion and gasification processes. Iron content was lower in the gasification ash and X-ray patterns showed different crystalline phases in the solids: Fe2O3 in the combustion ash and Fe3O4 in the gasification ash. These differences resulted in a lower sulphur capture capacity of the gasification ash. Desulphurization tests were carried out in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor operating at 600-800 °C. Different gases containing 5000 ppmv H2S (H2S/N2 mixture and synthetic gasification gas) were used. The H2S breakthrough curves were negatively affected by the reducing atmosphere created by the gasification gas and by the presence of steam in the reaction medium. However, H2S breakthrough curves alone do not provide enough information to evaluate the sulphur capture capacity of the sorbent materials. Ultimate analyses of the spent solid samples showed that the total amount of H2S removed from the gas was only partially captured in the ash. Thermodynamic data pointed to a significant fraction of sulphur forming part of other gases, such as SO2. In the best operating conditions, an outlet gas with less than 100 ppmv H2S was obtained during 300 min, thus resulting in a sulphur loading of 63 mg S gash-1. This experimental sulphur content was 39% lower than the maximum value predicted by equilibrium simulations.
Atienza-Martínez, María; Fonts, Isabel; Lázaro, Luisa; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Fast pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor Journal Article
In: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 259, pp. 467–480, 2015, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2015a,
title = {Fast pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Isabel Fonts and Luisa Lázaro and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.004},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {259},
pages = {467--480},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The pyrolysis of dry and of torrefied sewage sludge in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor has been studied in order to determine whether torrefaction pre-treatment could enhance the properties of the liquid product obtained after pyrolysis. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the torrefaction temperature (220-320°C) and average solid residence time (3.6-10.2min) on the product distribution and the properties of the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530°C with an average solid residence time of 5.7min and a nitrogen volumetric flow per reactor area of 0.074m3(STP)m-2s-1 (measured at 0°C and 1.01textperiodcentered105Pa). The experimental results show that torrefaction pre-treatment affects the pyrolysis liquid product, although it does not improve the homogeneity of the liquid. Specifically, it reduces the yields of water and the liquid aqueous phase obtained in the pyrolysis step, especially after torrefaction under the most severe conditions, but it does not have a great effect on the properties of the liquid organic phases obtained. The cumulative yields of gas and organic compounds from the two-step process are not different from the yields obtained from one-step pyrolysis. textcopyright 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The pyrolysis of dry and of torrefied sewage sludge in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor has been studied in order to determine whether torrefaction pre-treatment could enhance the properties of the liquid product obtained after pyrolysis. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the torrefaction temperature (220-320°C) and average solid residence time (3.6-10.2min) on the product distribution and the properties of the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530°C with an average solid residence time of 5.7min and a nitrogen volumetric flow per reactor area of 0.074m3(STP)m-2s-1 (measured at 0°C and 1.01textperiodcentered105Pa). The experimental results show that torrefaction pre-treatment affects the pyrolysis liquid product, although it does not improve the homogeneity of the liquid. Specifically, it reduces the yields of water and the liquid aqueous phase obtained in the pyrolysis step, especially after torrefaction under the most severe conditions, but it does not have a great effect on the properties of the liquid organic phases obtained. The cumulative yields of gas and organic compounds from the two-step process are not different from the yields obtained from one-step pyrolysis. textcopyright 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Atienza-Martínez, María; Mastral, José Francisco; Ábrego, Javier; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Sewage sludge torrefaction in an auger reactor Journal Article
In: Energy and Fuels, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 160–170, 2015, ISSN: 15205029.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2015b,
title = {Sewage sludge torrefaction in an auger reactor},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and José Francisco Mastral and Javier Ábrego and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef501425h},
issn = {15205029},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {160--170},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {A lab-scale auger reactor was used for the study of dry sewage sludge torrefaction. The influence of the torrefaction temperature (between 250 and 300 °C) and the solid residence time (between 13 and 35 min) on the product distribution and properties was investigated. The results have shown that both parameters affect dry sewage sludge torrefaction products to a similar extent within the ranges of study. The yield of torrefied sewage sludge decreases when increasing the torrefaction temperature and the solid residence time, while the yields of liquid and noncondensable gases show the opposite trend. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the major noncondensable products. The yield of water is higher than the initial moisture content of sewage sludge. Organic compounds are also released during torrefaction, especially under severe conditions. Torrefaction liquid separates into an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The former is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and steroids and their derivatives. The latter is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and oxygen- and nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds. Torrefaction pretreatment eases sewage sludge grindability and improves some of its fuel properties. O/C and H/C molar ratios of the torrefied solid are lower than those of the dry sewage sludge, while the higher heating value (daf) is higher. The energy density is higher under specific torrefaction conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A lab-scale auger reactor was used for the study of dry sewage sludge torrefaction. The influence of the torrefaction temperature (between 250 and 300 °C) and the solid residence time (between 13 and 35 min) on the product distribution and properties was investigated. The results have shown that both parameters affect dry sewage sludge torrefaction products to a similar extent within the ranges of study. The yield of torrefied sewage sludge decreases when increasing the torrefaction temperature and the solid residence time, while the yields of liquid and noncondensable gases show the opposite trend. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the major noncondensable products. The yield of water is higher than the initial moisture content of sewage sludge. Organic compounds are also released during torrefaction, especially under severe conditions. Torrefaction liquid separates into an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The former is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and steroids and their derivatives. The latter is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and oxygen- and nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds. Torrefaction pretreatment eases sewage sludge grindability and improves some of its fuel properties. O/C and H/C molar ratios of the torrefied solid are lower than those of the dry sewage sludge, while the higher heating value (daf) is higher. The energy density is higher under specific torrefaction conditions.