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PUBLICATIONS
2003
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Sánchez, José Luis; Arauzo, Jesús
Thermal Degradation of Alkaline Black Liquor from Wheat Straw. 2. Fixed-Bed Reactor Studies Journal Article
In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 42, no. 23, pp. 5782–5790, 2003, ISSN: 0888-5885.
@article{Gea2003b,
title = {Thermal Degradation of Alkaline Black Liquor from Wheat Straw. 2. Fixed-Bed Reactor Studies},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and José Luis Sánchez and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie030116e},
doi = {10.1021/ie030116e},
issn = {0888-5885},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-11-01},
journal = {Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {42},
number = {23},
pages = {5782--5790},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The usual problems experienced with common recovery boilers are aggravated in processes involving alkaline black liquor derived from straw. The consequent need to develop alternative processes for the use of black liquor for energy purposes, such as pyrolysis or gasification, requires a good understanding of the thermochemical behavior of this substance. There is, however, little information available. Part 1 of this work (Gea, G.; Murillo, M. B.; Arauzo, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 4714), therefore, studied the thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw in a thermogravimetric system. The present work also focuses on its pyrolysis. In particular, the influence has been analyzed of the final pyrolysis temperature (250-900 °C) and the heating rate (5-30 °C/min) on the product yields, gas composition, and specific surface area of the resulting char in a fixed-bed reactor. The results obtained show that both the energy recovery and the specific surface area of the char increase with a rise in the final pyrolysis temperature and the heating rate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The usual problems experienced with common recovery boilers are aggravated in processes involving alkaline black liquor derived from straw. The consequent need to develop alternative processes for the use of black liquor for energy purposes, such as pyrolysis or gasification, requires a good understanding of the thermochemical behavior of this substance. There is, however, little information available. Part 1 of this work (Gea, G.; Murillo, M. B.; Arauzo, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 4714), therefore, studied the thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw in a thermogravimetric system. The present work also focuses on its pyrolysis. In particular, the influence has been analyzed of the final pyrolysis temperature (250-900 °C) and the heating rate (5-30 °C/min) on the product yields, gas composition, and specific surface area of the resulting char in a fixed-bed reactor. The results obtained show that both the energy recovery and the specific surface area of the char increase with a rise in the final pyrolysis temperature and the heating rate.
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús; Frederick, W J
Swelling behavior of black liquor from soda pulping of wheat straw Journal Article
In: Energy and Fuels, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 46–53, 2003, ISSN: 08870624.
@article{Gea2003,
title = {Swelling behavior of black liquor from soda pulping of wheat straw},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo and W J Frederick},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef0200469},
issn = {08870624},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {46--53},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The primary aim of this research work was to characterize the swelling properties of black liquor and their dependence on the temperature and gas composition of the combustion or gasification environment. The measurements were made using an industrial black liquor from soda pumping of wheat straw. The swelling measurements were carried out in a single droplet reactor. This paper presents data that show the influence of the reactor temperature and the gas composition on the swelling during devolatilization, and compares the swelling characteristics of a straw black liquor with similar published data on black liquors from kraft pulping of wood. Experiments were carried out in inert, oxiding, and gasifying environments, at temperatures from 500 to 900°C. One interesting result was that the straw liquor swelled much more than most kraft or soda liquors from pulping of wood. Another result was that droplets subjected to hot gas atmospheres containing O2, CO2 and/or H2O(v) swelled less than those subjected to hot N2 atmospheres. The data obtained suggest that the straw soda black liquor would burn more rapidly than most kraft liquors from pulping of wood because of its high external surface area when swollen. This highly swelling liquor caused problems with fluidization when straw liquors were injected in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The primary aim of this research work was to characterize the swelling properties of black liquor and their dependence on the temperature and gas composition of the combustion or gasification environment. The measurements were made using an industrial black liquor from soda pumping of wheat straw. The swelling measurements were carried out in a single droplet reactor. This paper presents data that show the influence of the reactor temperature and the gas composition on the swelling during devolatilization, and compares the swelling characteristics of a straw black liquor with similar published data on black liquors from kraft pulping of wood. Experiments were carried out in inert, oxiding, and gasifying environments, at temperatures from 500 to 900°C. One interesting result was that the straw liquor swelled much more than most kraft or soda liquors from pulping of wood. Another result was that droplets subjected to hot gas atmospheres containing O2, CO2 and/or H2O(v) swelled less than those subjected to hot N2 atmospheres. The data obtained suggest that the straw soda black liquor would burn more rapidly than most kraft liquors from pulping of wood because of its high external surface area when swollen. This highly swelling liquor caused problems with fluidization when straw liquors were injected in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier.
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Sánchez, José Luis; Bilbao, Rafael; Arauzo, Jesús
Straw black liquor gasification studies at the University of Zaragoza Journal Article
In: Pulp and Paper Canada, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 44–48, 2003.
@article{Gea2003a,
title = {Straw black liquor gasification studies at the University of Zaragoza},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and José Luis Sánchez and Rafael Bilbao and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20341706},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Pulp and Paper Canada},
volume = {104},
number = {3},
pages = {44--48},
abstract = {Results of studies on the thermal behaviour of straw black liquor and fluidized bed gasification are discussed. Agglomeration of the bed and low gas yield, coupled with high tar formation, was observed during fluidized bed gasification. To avoid agglomeration a spouted bed reactor was used and the black liquor was pretreated to reduce its swelling. Attempt were made to reduce tar formation by adding a secondary catalyst (NiAlsub 2Osub 4) to the fluidized bed which is known to be useful in cracking tars formed during the pyrolysis stage. Results of selected additional studies on several variables such as the furnace temperature and gas composition on the swelling of a soda straw black liquor are also included},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Results of studies on the thermal behaviour of straw black liquor and fluidized bed gasification are discussed. Agglomeration of the bed and low gas yield, coupled with high tar formation, was observed during fluidized bed gasification. To avoid agglomeration a spouted bed reactor was used and the black liquor was pretreated to reduce its swelling. Attempt were made to reduce tar formation by adding a secondary catalyst (NiAlsub 2Osub 4) to the fluidized bed which is known to be useful in cracking tars formed during the pyrolysis stage. Results of selected additional studies on several variables such as the furnace temperature and gas composition on the swelling of a soda straw black liquor are also included
2002
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús
Thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw. Thermogravimetric study Journal Article
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 4714–4721, 2002, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Gea2002,
title = {Thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw. Thermogravimetric study},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie020283z},
issn = {08885885},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-09-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {41},
number = {19},
pages = {4714--4721},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Both pyrolysis and gasification can be considered as alternatives to conventional boilers for recovering chemicals and energy from black liquor. The present work is focused on the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquor from straw, and its interest is enhanced by the fact that the material used has hardly been studied before. The influence has been studied of the final pyrolysis temperature (500-900 °C), the heating rate (5-30 °C/min), and the addition of a determined CO concentration in the N2 atmosphere (5-40% vol) on both the final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate. The results show that the thermal decomposition of the organic matter fraction of black liquor takes place at temperatures below 550 °C in N2 atmosphere. The weight loss observed at temperatures higher than 550 °C is mainly due to reduction reactions of alkaline compounds by the carbon. The final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate are also noticeably influenced by the addition of a certain CO flow rate in N2 atmosphere.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Both pyrolysis and gasification can be considered as alternatives to conventional boilers for recovering chemicals and energy from black liquor. The present work is focused on the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquor from straw, and its interest is enhanced by the fact that the material used has hardly been studied before. The influence has been studied of the final pyrolysis temperature (500-900 °C), the heating rate (5-30 °C/min), and the addition of a determined CO concentration in the N2 atmosphere (5-40% vol) on both the final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate. The results show that the thermal decomposition of the organic matter fraction of black liquor takes place at temperatures below 550 °C in N2 atmosphere. The weight loss observed at temperatures higher than 550 °C is mainly due to reduction reactions of alkaline compounds by the carbon. The final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate are also noticeably influenced by the addition of a certain CO flow rate in N2 atmosphere.
2001
Puértolas, Rosa; Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús
Pyrolysis of black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw. Influence of a preoxidation stage on the char characteristics Journal Article
In: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 58-59, pp. 955–966, 2001, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Puertolas2001,
title = {Pyrolysis of black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw. Influence of a preoxidation stage on the char characteristics},
author = {Rosa Puértolas and Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00175-3},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {58-59},
pages = {955--966},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {New alternative processes such as low temperature gasification are currently being developed in order to use of black liquors from pulp and paper mills with energy proposes. The development of these new processes makes necessary to study the behavior of black liquors during pyrolysis and gasification paying special attention on their thermoplastic properties, which can cause important operational problems due to its swelling when heated. Present work is focused to the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquors from pulping of straw. The influence of an oxidation stage at low temperature previous to pyrolysis, on specific surface area of the char and on the black liquor swelling, is studied. For that, two main variables are analyzed: time of preoxidation and final temperature of pyrolysis. Dry black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw were used as material. The resulting chars obtained showed a clear decrease in swelling level of the black liquors, as well as an increase on their specific surface area, within the pyrolysis temperature and the preoxidation time. Materials with specific surface areas varying from 2 up to nearly 500 m2 g-1 can be produced with the correct choice of experimental conditions. From the results, further research on the influence of a preoxidation stage on black liquors may lead to a better understanding of new alternative processes, which are nowadays being developed. textcopyright 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
New alternative processes such as low temperature gasification are currently being developed in order to use of black liquors from pulp and paper mills with energy proposes. The development of these new processes makes necessary to study the behavior of black liquors during pyrolysis and gasification paying special attention on their thermoplastic properties, which can cause important operational problems due to its swelling when heated. Present work is focused to the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquors from pulping of straw. The influence of an oxidation stage at low temperature previous to pyrolysis, on specific surface area of the char and on the black liquor swelling, is studied. For that, two main variables are analyzed: time of preoxidation and final temperature of pyrolysis. Dry black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw were used as material. The resulting chars obtained showed a clear decrease in swelling level of the black liquors, as well as an increase on their specific surface area, within the pyrolysis temperature and the preoxidation time. Materials with specific surface areas varying from 2 up to nearly 500 m2 g-1 can be produced with the correct choice of experimental conditions. From the results, further research on the influence of a preoxidation stage on black liquors may lead to a better understanding of new alternative processes, which are nowadays being developed. textcopyright 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.