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PUBLICATIONS
2008
Fonts, Isabel; Juan, Alfonso; Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Sánchez, José Luis
Sewage sludge pyrolysis in fluidized bed, 1: Influence of operational conditions on the product distribution Journal Article
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 47, no. 15, pp. 5376–5385, 2008, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Fonts2008,
title = {Sewage sludge pyrolysis in fluidized bed, 1: Influence of operational conditions on the product distribution},
author = {Isabel Fonts and Alfonso Juan and Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and José Luis Sánchez},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie7017788},
issn = {08885885},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-08-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {47},
number = {15},
pages = {5376--5385},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {In this work, pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a fluidized bed was studied experimentally in order to obtain a liquid product able to be used in energetic applications. The influence of operational conditions on the product distribution was studied. The operational variables were as follows: temperature (450-650°C), nitrogen flow rate (3.5-5.5 L(NTP) min-1), and solid feed rate (3.0-6.0 g min-1). Their influence was considered on me yields to the three pyrolysis products: solid, liquid, and gas. The liquid yield was mainly influenced by the bed temperature but also by the nitrogen flow rate and the solid feed rate. The bed temperature and the nitrogen flow rate showed a quadratic effect, and the maximum liquid yield was achieved at around 540°C and around 4.5 L(NTP) min-1 of nitrogen. The solid feed rate just affected on the liquid yield at the lower temperatures studied, and the maximum liquid yield was obtained at the lowest solid feed rates. The design of experiments (DOE) statistical tool was used in me preparation of the work. textcopyright 2008 American Chemical Society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this work, pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a fluidized bed was studied experimentally in order to obtain a liquid product able to be used in energetic applications. The influence of operational conditions on the product distribution was studied. The operational variables were as follows: temperature (450-650°C), nitrogen flow rate (3.5-5.5 L(NTP) min-1), and solid feed rate (3.0-6.0 g min-1). Their influence was considered on me yields to the three pyrolysis products: solid, liquid, and gas. The liquid yield was mainly influenced by the bed temperature but also by the nitrogen flow rate and the solid feed rate. The bed temperature and the nitrogen flow rate showed a quadratic effect, and the maximum liquid yield was achieved at around 540°C and around 4.5 L(NTP) min-1 of nitrogen. The solid feed rate just affected on the liquid yield at the lower temperatures studied, and the maximum liquid yield was obtained at the lowest solid feed rates. The design of experiments (DOE) statistical tool was used in me preparation of the work. textcopyright 2008 American Chemical Society.
Aznar, María; Manyà, Joan Josep; García, Gorka; Sánchez, José Luis; Murillo, María Benita
In: Energy and Fuels, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2840–2850, 2008, ISSN: 08870624.
@article{Aznar2008,
title = {Influence of freeboard temperature, fluidization velocity, and particle size on tar production and composition during the air gasification of sewage sludge},
author = {María Aznar and Joan Josep Manyà and Gorka García and José Luis Sánchez and María Benita Murillo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef800017u},
issn = {08870624},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-07-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {2840--2850},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The influence of freeboard temperature, fluidization velocity, and particle size on tar production and composition during the air gasification of dried sewage sludge has been researched using a bench-scale gasifier. Of the operating variables analyzed, the results obtained from a statistical analysis (ANOVA and PCA) indicate that only the freeboard temperature has a significant influence on tar production. The results also show that freeboard temperature is the key factor that influences the tar composition. A high freeboard temperature reduces the amount of tar produced, but the tar compounds obtained are mainly PAH, which could require a more complicated secondary treatment for tar removal. Nevertheless, an increase in the freeboard temperature value implies a substantial increase in both low heating value and cold gas efficiency (6.5% and 10.8%, respectively, when the required freeboard temperature was increased from 873 to 1123 K). Future studies should focus on testing/developing catalytic materials able to degrade (in a secondary treatment) tar with a high content of PAH compounds. textcopyright 2008 American Chemical Society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The influence of freeboard temperature, fluidization velocity, and particle size on tar production and composition during the air gasification of dried sewage sludge has been researched using a bench-scale gasifier. Of the operating variables analyzed, the results obtained from a statistical analysis (ANOVA and PCA) indicate that only the freeboard temperature has a significant influence on tar production. The results also show that freeboard temperature is the key factor that influences the tar composition. A high freeboard temperature reduces the amount of tar produced, but the tar compounds obtained are mainly PAH, which could require a more complicated secondary treatment for tar removal. Nevertheless, an increase in the freeboard temperature value implies a substantial increase in both low heating value and cold gas efficiency (6.5% and 10.8%, respectively, when the required freeboard temperature was increased from 873 to 1123 K). Future studies should focus on testing/developing catalytic materials able to degrade (in a secondary treatment) tar with a high content of PAH compounds. textcopyright 2008 American Chemical Society.
2007
Aznar, María; González, Ángel E; Manyà, Joan Josep; Sánchez, José Luis; Murillo, María Benita
Understanding the effect of the transition period during the air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor Journal Article
In: International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, vol. 5, 2007, ISSN: 15426580.
@article{Aznar2007,
title = {Understanding the effect of the transition period during the air gasification of dried sewage sludge in a fluidized bed reactor},
author = {María Aznar and Ángel E González and Joan Josep Manyà and José Luis Sánchez and María Benita Murillo},
doi = {10.2202/1542-6580.1410},
issn = {15426580},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering},
volume = {5},
publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
abstract = {Air gasification of dried sewage sludge (DSS) in a fluidized bed has been studied as an effective alternative for the management of this material in a usable way. Nevertheless, one of the major issues in this technology is to deal with the tar formed during the process. To minimize the tar production, it is very important to optimize the operating conditions. In a previous work (Manyà et al, Energy Fuels, Vol. 19, 629-636, 2005) some unexpected results, in which tar production increases with the equivalence ratio, have been obtained. As it has been mentioned in that work, tar production could present unexpected trends while the bed composition changes from sand to a mixture of char and sand. Ashes contained in char have catalytic active metals which could promote gasification reactions. As the char content in the bed increases, the catalytic activity in the reactor could increase too, until the steady state is achieved. The aim of this work is to characterize the non-stationary period and its influence on the overall results obtained from gasification tests. Experiments have been carried out in a laboratory-scale BFB reactor at atmospheric pressure and at a reactor temperature of 1123 K with an equivalent ratio of 30%. Results show that at the beginning of the experiments the tar production was higher, until the steady state is reached. The gasification study has been enhanced with an analysis of tar composition by means of GC/MS and GC/FID. An effect of the transition period has been observed in tar composition also. The nitrogen aromatics percent increased with time whereas the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon decreased. Copyright textcopyright 2007 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Air gasification of dried sewage sludge (DSS) in a fluidized bed has been studied as an effective alternative for the management of this material in a usable way. Nevertheless, one of the major issues in this technology is to deal with the tar formed during the process. To minimize the tar production, it is very important to optimize the operating conditions. In a previous work (Manyà et al, Energy Fuels, Vol. 19, 629-636, 2005) some unexpected results, in which tar production increases with the equivalence ratio, have been obtained. As it has been mentioned in that work, tar production could present unexpected trends while the bed composition changes from sand to a mixture of char and sand. Ashes contained in char have catalytic active metals which could promote gasification reactions. As the char content in the bed increases, the catalytic activity in the reactor could increase too, until the steady state is achieved. The aim of this work is to characterize the non-stationary period and its influence on the overall results obtained from gasification tests. Experiments have been carried out in a laboratory-scale BFB reactor at atmospheric pressure and at a reactor temperature of 1123 K with an equivalent ratio of 30%. Results show that at the beginning of the experiments the tar production was higher, until the steady state is reached. The gasification study has been enhanced with an analysis of tar composition by means of GC/MS and GC/FID. An effect of the transition period has been observed in tar composition also. The nitrogen aromatics percent increased with time whereas the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon decreased. Copyright textcopyright 2007 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.
2006
Manyà, Joan Josep; Aznar, María; Sánchez, José Luis; Arauzo, Jesús; Murillo, María Benita
Further experiments on sewage sludge air gasification: Influence of the nonstationary period on the overall results Journal Article
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 45, no. 21, pp. 7313–7320, 2006, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Manya2006a,
title = {Further experiments on sewage sludge air gasification: Influence of the nonstationary period on the overall results},
author = {Joan Josep Manyà and María Aznar and José Luis Sánchez and Jesús Arauzo and María Benita Murillo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie0605027},
issn = {08885885},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-10-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {45},
number = {21},
pages = {7313--7320},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {In the present study, the gasification with air of dried sewage sludge (DSS) was experimentally investigated using a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The experimental work analyzed the effect on the DSS gasification tests of the gas residence time (as a function of both the bed height and the superficial air velocity) and the potential catalytic role of the DSS ashes. Furthermore, the influence of the nonstationary period on the accumulated tar production was analyzed. The results show that a longer gas residence time improves the gas efficiency process. A decrease in tar production and an increase in H 2 content in the raw gas were observed when a mixture of sand and DSS ashes was used as an initial bed. These results confirm the catalytic effect of DSS ashes, which would be able for catalytic applications. The influence of the nonstationary period on the accumulated tar production was minimized when the experiment length was extended. This finding could confirm the higher tar production during this period. textcopyright 2006 American Chemical Society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the present study, the gasification with air of dried sewage sludge (DSS) was experimentally investigated using a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The experimental work analyzed the effect on the DSS gasification tests of the gas residence time (as a function of both the bed height and the superficial air velocity) and the potential catalytic role of the DSS ashes. Furthermore, the influence of the nonstationary period on the accumulated tar production was analyzed. The results show that a longer gas residence time improves the gas efficiency process. A decrease in tar production and an increase in H 2 content in the raw gas were observed when a mixture of sand and DSS ashes was used as an initial bed. These results confirm the catalytic effect of DSS ashes, which would be able for catalytic applications. The influence of the nonstationary period on the accumulated tar production was minimized when the experiment length was extended. This finding could confirm the higher tar production during this period. textcopyright 2006 American Chemical Society.
2005
Gea, Gloria; Sánchez, José Luis; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 44, no. 17, pp. 6583–6590, 2005, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Gea2005,
title = {Kinetics of CO2 gasification of alkaline black liquor from wheat straw. 2. Evolution of CO2 reactivity with the solid conversion and influence of temperature on the gasification rate},
author = {Gloria Gea and José Luis Sánchez and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1021/ie048772h},
issn = {08885885},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-08-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {44},
number = {17},
pages = {6583--6590},
abstract = {Results obtained in recent studies have shown that black liquor (BL) gasification can be considered as an attractive recovery system. However, limited information has been published on the gasification kinetics of alkaline BL char (ABLC). Part 1 of this work (Gea, G.; Sánchez, J. L.; Murillo, M. B.; Arauzo, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 3233) studied the CO2 gasification of ABLC, specifically the influence of [CO] and [CC2] on the gasification rate at different temperatures. The present work is focused on the variation of this reaction rate with solid conversion during the gasification process. The results obtained show that the gasification rate increases with the solid conversion up to a maximum value and then decreases. The effect of various factors such as pyrolysis operating conditions on this variation has also been analyzed. Furthermore, the dependence of the ABLC gasification rate on the temperature has been evaluated, and the apparent average activation energy over the range 170-234 kJ/mol has been determined for the temperature range 750-850 °C. textcopyright 2005 American Chemical Society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Results obtained in recent studies have shown that black liquor (BL) gasification can be considered as an attractive recovery system. However, limited information has been published on the gasification kinetics of alkaline BL char (ABLC). Part 1 of this work (Gea, G.; Sánchez, J. L.; Murillo, M. B.; Arauzo, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43, 3233) studied the CO2 gasification of ABLC, specifically the influence of [CO] and [CC2] on the gasification rate at different temperatures. The present work is focused on the variation of this reaction rate with solid conversion during the gasification process. The results obtained show that the gasification rate increases with the solid conversion up to a maximum value and then decreases. The effect of various factors such as pyrolysis operating conditions on this variation has also been analyzed. Furthermore, the dependence of the ABLC gasification rate on the temperature has been evaluated, and the apparent average activation energy over the range 170-234 kJ/mol has been determined for the temperature range 750-850 °C. textcopyright 2005 American Chemical Society.