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PUBLICATIONS
2002
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús
Thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw. Thermogravimetric study Journal Article
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 4714–4721, 2002, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Gea2002,
title = {Thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw. Thermogravimetric study},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie020283z},
issn = {08885885},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-09-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {41},
number = {19},
pages = {4714--4721},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Both pyrolysis and gasification can be considered as alternatives to conventional boilers for recovering chemicals and energy from black liquor. The present work is focused on the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquor from straw, and its interest is enhanced by the fact that the material used has hardly been studied before. The influence has been studied of the final pyrolysis temperature (500-900 °C), the heating rate (5-30 °C/min), and the addition of a determined CO concentration in the N2 atmosphere (5-40% vol) on both the final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate. The results show that the thermal decomposition of the organic matter fraction of black liquor takes place at temperatures below 550 °C in N2 atmosphere. The weight loss observed at temperatures higher than 550 °C is mainly due to reduction reactions of alkaline compounds by the carbon. The final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate are also noticeably influenced by the addition of a certain CO flow rate in N2 atmosphere.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Both pyrolysis and gasification can be considered as alternatives to conventional boilers for recovering chemicals and energy from black liquor. The present work is focused on the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquor from straw, and its interest is enhanced by the fact that the material used has hardly been studied before. The influence has been studied of the final pyrolysis temperature (500-900 °C), the heating rate (5-30 °C/min), and the addition of a determined CO concentration in the N2 atmosphere (5-40% vol) on both the final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate. The results show that the thermal decomposition of the organic matter fraction of black liquor takes place at temperatures below 550 °C in N2 atmosphere. The weight loss observed at temperatures higher than 550 °C is mainly due to reduction reactions of alkaline compounds by the carbon. The final solid conversion and the devolatilization rate are also noticeably influenced by the addition of a certain CO flow rate in N2 atmosphere.
2001
Puértolas, Rosa; Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús
Pyrolysis of black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw. Influence of a preoxidation stage on the char characteristics Journal Article
In: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 58-59, pp. 955–966, 2001, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Puertolas2001,
title = {Pyrolysis of black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw. Influence of a preoxidation stage on the char characteristics},
author = {Rosa Puértolas and Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00175-3},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {58-59},
pages = {955--966},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {New alternative processes such as low temperature gasification are currently being developed in order to use of black liquors from pulp and paper mills with energy proposes. The development of these new processes makes necessary to study the behavior of black liquors during pyrolysis and gasification paying special attention on their thermoplastic properties, which can cause important operational problems due to its swelling when heated. Present work is focused to the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquors from pulping of straw. The influence of an oxidation stage at low temperature previous to pyrolysis, on specific surface area of the char and on the black liquor swelling, is studied. For that, two main variables are analyzed: time of preoxidation and final temperature of pyrolysis. Dry black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw were used as material. The resulting chars obtained showed a clear decrease in swelling level of the black liquors, as well as an increase on their specific surface area, within the pyrolysis temperature and the preoxidation time. Materials with specific surface areas varying from 2 up to nearly 500 m2 g-1 can be produced with the correct choice of experimental conditions. From the results, further research on the influence of a preoxidation stage on black liquors may lead to a better understanding of new alternative processes, which are nowadays being developed. textcopyright 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
New alternative processes such as low temperature gasification are currently being developed in order to use of black liquors from pulp and paper mills with energy proposes. The development of these new processes makes necessary to study the behavior of black liquors during pyrolysis and gasification paying special attention on their thermoplastic properties, which can cause important operational problems due to its swelling when heated. Present work is focused to the study of pyrolysis of alkaline black liquors from pulping of straw. The influence of an oxidation stage at low temperature previous to pyrolysis, on specific surface area of the char and on the black liquor swelling, is studied. For that, two main variables are analyzed: time of preoxidation and final temperature of pyrolysis. Dry black liquors from alkaline pulping of straw were used as material. The resulting chars obtained showed a clear decrease in swelling level of the black liquors, as well as an increase on their specific surface area, within the pyrolysis temperature and the preoxidation time. Materials with specific surface areas varying from 2 up to nearly 500 m2 g-1 can be produced with the correct choice of experimental conditions. From the results, further research on the influence of a preoxidation stage on black liquors may lead to a better understanding of new alternative processes, which are nowadays being developed. textcopyright 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
1999
Ruiz, Joaquín; Bilbao, Rafael; Murillo, María Benita
Convective transport and removal of vapors of two volatile compounds in sand columns under different air humidity conditions Journal Article
In: Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 21, pp. 3774–3780, 1999, ISSN: 0013936X.
@article{Ruiz1999,
title = {Convective transport and removal of vapors of two volatile compounds in sand columns under different air humidity conditions},
author = {Joaquín Ruiz and Rafael Bilbao and María Benita Murillo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/es9811344},
issn = {0013936X},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-11-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
volume = {33},
number = {21},
pages = {3774--3780},
publisher = {ACS},
abstract = {The convective transport and removal of vapors of a polar compound (methyl ethyl ketone) and a nonpolar compound (n-octane) in quartz sand has been studied. A sharp front in the transport of the organic vapors through the sand and a tailing process in the removal of the compounds as a consequence of nonlinear adsorption have been observed. Due to the great influence that water vapor can have on the sorption of organic compounds onto soils, several experiments have been designed and carried out under different air humiditY and sand conditions. A competitive effect between the water and the organic molecules for the adsorption sites has been found as well as a substantial difference in behavior between the polar and the nonpolar compounds in the presence of water in the transport and in the removal of the organics from the sand. Simultaneously, a simple mathematical model has been developed to simulate the behavior of the two volatiles. This model takes into account the competitive sorption between organic and water molecules and considers that the adsorption takes place in equilibrium conditions, disregarding any kinetic effects. This model has been solved numerically and validated with the experimental results obtained, predicting quite accurately the behavior of the two organic compounds under very different conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The convective transport and removal of vapors of a polar compound (methyl ethyl ketone) and a nonpolar compound (n-octane) in quartz sand has been studied. A sharp front in the transport of the organic vapors through the sand and a tailing process in the removal of the compounds as a consequence of nonlinear adsorption have been observed. Due to the great influence that water vapor can have on the sorption of organic compounds onto soils, several experiments have been designed and carried out under different air humiditY and sand conditions. A competitive effect between the water and the organic molecules for the adsorption sites has been found as well as a substantial difference in behavior between the polar and the nonpolar compounds in the presence of water in the transport and in the removal of the organics from the sand. Simultaneously, a simple mathematical model has been developed to simulate the behavior of the two volatiles. This model takes into account the competitive sorption between organic and water molecules and considers that the adsorption takes place in equilibrium conditions, disregarding any kinetic effects. This model has been solved numerically and validated with the experimental results obtained, predicting quite accurately the behavior of the two organic compounds under very different conditions.
1998
Ruiz, Joaquín; Bilbao, Rafael; Murillo, María Benita
Adsorption of different VOC onto soil minerals from gas phase: Influence of mineral, type of VOC, and air humidity Journal Article
In: Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1079–1084, 1998, ISSN: 0013936X.
@article{Ruiz1998,
title = {Adsorption of different VOC onto soil minerals from gas phase: Influence of mineral, type of VOC, and air humidity},
author = {Joaquín Ruiz and Rafael Bilbao and María Benita Murillo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/es9704996},
issn = {0013936X},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-04-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
volume = {32},
number = {8},
pages = {1079--1084},
publisher = {ACS},
abstract = {The adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOC) onto soils plays an important role in the mobility of these kinds of contaminant through soils. It is therefore of interest to learn more about the mechanisms of interaction between VOC and soil particles. An experimental study has been carried out in order to determine the adsorption isotherms of volatile organic gases of different properties on soil minerals of different characteristics, working in a wide range of compound concentrations. The adsorption of seven organic compounds concentrations. The adsorption of seven organic compounds (n- hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and methyl ethyl ketone) and of water vapor on sand, clay, and limestone has been analyzed. The influence of the presence of water on the adsorption of these compounds has also been analyzed working at levels below the limit of applicability of Henry's law. The levels of relative air humidity used were 20 and 50%. The results show a big difference between the adsorption levels of the three soil minerals and a higher adsorption for polar compounds than for aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The water affects the VOC adsorption by decreasing the retention of these compounds to a greater extent for aromatic and aliphatic compounds than for the polar compound and by linearizing the isotherms. This reduction has been quantified by a simple exponential equation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOC) onto soils plays an important role in the mobility of these kinds of contaminant through soils. It is therefore of interest to learn more about the mechanisms of interaction between VOC and soil particles. An experimental study has been carried out in order to determine the adsorption isotherms of volatile organic gases of different properties on soil minerals of different characteristics, working in a wide range of compound concentrations. The adsorption of seven organic compounds concentrations. The adsorption of seven organic compounds (n- hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and methyl ethyl ketone) and of water vapor on sand, clay, and limestone has been analyzed. The influence of the presence of water on the adsorption of these compounds has also been analyzed working at levels below the limit of applicability of Henry’s law. The levels of relative air humidity used were 20 and 50%. The results show a big difference between the adsorption levels of the three soil minerals and a higher adsorption for polar compounds than for aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The water affects the VOC adsorption by decreasing the retention of these compounds to a greater extent for aromatic and aliphatic compounds than for the polar compound and by linearizing the isotherms. This reduction has been quantified by a simple exponential equation.
1997
Bilbao, Rafael; Arauzo, Jesús; Murillo, María Benita; Salvador, María L
Gas formation in the thermal decomposition of large spherical wood particles Journal Article
In: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 27–39, 1997, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Bilbao1997c,
title = {Gas formation in the thermal decomposition of large spherical wood particles},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and Jesús Arauzo and María Benita Murillo and María L Salvador},
doi = {10.1016/S0165-2370(97)00056-9},
issn = {01652370},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-08-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {27--39},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Gas formation, weight loss and temperature profiles in the thermal decomposition of relatively large particles of pine wood have been studied. Experiments with spherical particles of different sizes (2, 3 and 4 cm in diameter) have been carried out at two heating rates of the system (5 and 12°C min-1). The existence of significant radial and angular profiles in the particles causes differences in the conversion and in the formation of gases. The experimental yields obtained for the majority gas, CO2, have been compared with the calculated yields using a model without adjustable parameters. An acceptable agreement has been achieved between the experimental and calculated results. textcopyright 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gas formation, weight loss and temperature profiles in the thermal decomposition of relatively large particles of pine wood have been studied. Experiments with spherical particles of different sizes (2, 3 and 4 cm in diameter) have been carried out at two heating rates of the system (5 and 12°C min-1). The existence of significant radial and angular profiles in the particles causes differences in the conversion and in the formation of gases. The experimental yields obtained for the majority gas, CO2, have been compared with the calculated yields using a model without adjustable parameters. An acceptable agreement has been achieved between the experimental and calculated results. textcopyright 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.