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2005
Ayllón, María; Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Sánchez, José Luis; Arauzo, Jesús
Kinetic study of meat and bone meal pyrolysis: An evaluation and comparison of different possible kinetic models Proceedings Article
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, pp. 445–453, Elsevier, 2005, ISSN: 01652370.
@inproceedings{Ayllon2005,
title = {Kinetic study of meat and bone meal pyrolysis: An evaluation and comparison of different possible kinetic models},
author = {María Ayllón and Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and José Luis Sánchez and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaap.2004.11.022},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-08-01},
booktitle = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {74},
number = {1-2},
pages = {445--453},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Alternative treatments such as gasification or pyrolysis need to be developed for the disposal of meat and bone meal (MBM). The present work is focussed on a study of the pyrolysis of MBM in a thermobalance in order to compare different possible kinetic methods of obtaining information about the MBM decomposition process. Previous experiments were performed to establish the optimum operating conditions. Several dynamic experiments were then carried out at low heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min) up to 900 °C under the optimum operating conditions obtained, 250-350 $mu$m, 15 mg and 100 cm 3/min NTP of nitrogen. Different kinetic models were tested and compared, considering one fraction or two, three or four fractions decomposing simultaneously. The basis of comparison was the goodness of the fit with regard to the linear correlation coefficients of the lines $alpha$ experimental = $alpha$calculated and d$alpha$/dT experimental = d$alpha$/dTcalculated. The most valuable kinetic expressions and the kinetic parameters obtained are shown. The kinetic model which best describes the decomposition of MBM considers four fractions decomposing simultaneously following a second order equation (F2). However, other models tested with lower fitting parameters values can also be considered satisfactory depending on the degree of accuracy required in the kinetics. The results obtained with the different models were compared with those found in the literature. textcopyright 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Alternative treatments such as gasification or pyrolysis need to be developed for the disposal of meat and bone meal (MBM). The present work is focussed on a study of the pyrolysis of MBM in a thermobalance in order to compare different possible kinetic methods of obtaining information about the MBM decomposition process. Previous experiments were performed to establish the optimum operating conditions. Several dynamic experiments were then carried out at low heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min) up to 900 °C under the optimum operating conditions obtained, 250-350 $mu$m, 15 mg and 100 cm 3/min NTP of nitrogen. Different kinetic models were tested and compared, considering one fraction or two, three or four fractions decomposing simultaneously. The basis of comparison was the goodness of the fit with regard to the linear correlation coefficients of the lines $alpha$ experimental = $alpha$calculated and d$alpha$/dT experimental = d$alpha$/dTcalculated. The most valuable kinetic expressions and the kinetic parameters obtained are shown. The kinetic model which best describes the decomposition of MBM considers four fractions decomposing simultaneously following a second order equation (F2). However, other models tested with lower fitting parameters values can also be considered satisfactory depending on the degree of accuracy required in the kinetics. The results obtained with the different models were compared with those found in the literature. textcopyright 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2004
Sánchez, José Luis; Gea, Gloria; Gonzalo, Alberto; Bilbao, Rafael; Arauzo, Jesús
Kinetic study of the thermal degradation of alkaline straw black liquor in nitrogen atmosphere Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 104, no 1-3, pp. 1–6, 2004, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Sanchez2004,
title = {Kinetic study of the thermal degradation of alkaline straw black liquor in nitrogen atmosphere},
author = {José Luis Sánchez and Gloria Gea and Alberto Gonzalo and Rafael Bilbao and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2004.06.003},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-11-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {104},
number = {1-3},
pages = {1--6},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The kinetics of solid weight loss in the pyrolysis of straw black liquor solids at low temperature (<500°C) has been studied by thermogravimetric techniques in nitrogen atmosphere. Isothermal and dynamic experiments have been performed. Assuming a first order for the thermal decomposition rate of the solid at a given temperature, the instantaneous kinetic constant for the same temperature diminishes as the reaction proceeds. This could be due mainly to the heterogeneity of straw black liquor solids. Both, the pre-exponential factor and the activation energy of the Arrhenius law, seem to vary linearly with the solid conversion. textcopyright 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The kinetics of solid weight loss in the pyrolysis of straw black liquor solids at low temperature (<500°C) has been studied by thermogravimetric techniques in nitrogen atmosphere. Isothermal and dynamic experiments have been performed. Assuming a first order for the thermal decomposition rate of the solid at a given temperature, the instantaneous kinetic constant for the same temperature diminishes as the reaction proceeds. This could be due mainly to the heterogeneity of straw black liquor solids. Both, the pre-exponential factor and the activation energy of the Arrhenius law, seem to vary linearly with the solid conversion. textcopyright 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Gea, Gloria; Sánchez, José Luis; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús
Kinetics of CO2 gasification of alkaline black liquor from wheat straw. Influence of CO and CO2 concentrations on the gasification rate Artículo de revista
En: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 43, no 13, pp. 3233–3241, 2004, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Gea2004,
title = {Kinetics of CO2 gasification of alkaline black liquor from wheat straw. Influence of CO and CO2 concentrations on the gasification rate},
author = {Gloria Gea and José Luis Sánchez and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie034338o},
issn = {08885885},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {43},
number = {13},
pages = {3233--3241},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Interest in the use of nonwoody biomass as a raw material for pulp and paper production is growing worldwide. Moreover, new technologies are being developed to solve the problems caused by the silica present in alkaline black liquor (ABL) from straw in heat recovery systems. Because, among the various possible technologies, gasification is becoming attractive as a new alternative recovery system for ABL, in-depth studies of ABL gasification are therefore required. The present work is focused on the study of CO2 gasification of a char obtained from the ABL pyrolysis. Specifically, the influence of [CO] and [CO2] on the gasification rate at different gasification temperatures has been studied. The process may be described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation for a specific range of operating conditions. The data obtained suggest that this operational range could be broader if the number of catalytic sites is considered as a function of [CO] and the final pyrolysis temperature rather than as constant.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interest in the use of nonwoody biomass as a raw material for pulp and paper production is growing worldwide. Moreover, new technologies are being developed to solve the problems caused by the silica present in alkaline black liquor (ABL) from straw in heat recovery systems. Because, among the various possible technologies, gasification is becoming attractive as a new alternative recovery system for ABL, in-depth studies of ABL gasification are therefore required. The present work is focused on the study of CO2 gasification of a char obtained from the ABL pyrolysis. Specifically, the influence of [CO] and [CO2] on the gasification rate at different gasification temperatures has been studied. The process may be described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation for a specific range of operating conditions. The data obtained suggest that this operational range could be broader if the number of catalytic sites is considered as a function of [CO] and the final pyrolysis temperature rather than as constant.
2003
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Sánchez, José Luis; Arauzo, Jesús
Thermal Degradation of Alkaline Black Liquor from Wheat Straw. 2. Fixed-Bed Reactor Studies Artículo de revista
En: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 42, no 23, pp. 5782–5790, 2003, ISSN: 0888-5885.
@article{Gea2003b,
title = {Thermal Degradation of Alkaline Black Liquor from Wheat Straw. 2. Fixed-Bed Reactor Studies},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and José Luis Sánchez and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie030116e},
doi = {10.1021/ie030116e},
issn = {0888-5885},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-11-01},
journal = {Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {42},
number = {23},
pages = {5782--5790},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The usual problems experienced with common recovery boilers are aggravated in processes involving alkaline black liquor derived from straw. The consequent need to develop alternative processes for the use of black liquor for energy purposes, such as pyrolysis or gasification, requires a good understanding of the thermochemical behavior of this substance. There is, however, little information available. Part 1 of this work (Gea, G.; Murillo, M. B.; Arauzo, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 4714), therefore, studied the thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw in a thermogravimetric system. The present work also focuses on its pyrolysis. In particular, the influence has been analyzed of the final pyrolysis temperature (250-900 °C) and the heating rate (5-30 °C/min) on the product yields, gas composition, and specific surface area of the resulting char in a fixed-bed reactor. The results obtained show that both the energy recovery and the specific surface area of the char increase with a rise in the final pyrolysis temperature and the heating rate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The usual problems experienced with common recovery boilers are aggravated in processes involving alkaline black liquor derived from straw. The consequent need to develop alternative processes for the use of black liquor for energy purposes, such as pyrolysis or gasification, requires a good understanding of the thermochemical behavior of this substance. There is, however, little information available. Part 1 of this work (Gea, G.; Murillo, M. B.; Arauzo, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 4714), therefore, studied the thermal degradation of alkaline black liquor from straw in a thermogravimetric system. The present work also focuses on its pyrolysis. In particular, the influence has been analyzed of the final pyrolysis temperature (250-900 °C) and the heating rate (5-30 °C/min) on the product yields, gas composition, and specific surface area of the resulting char in a fixed-bed reactor. The results obtained show that both the energy recovery and the specific surface area of the char increase with a rise in the final pyrolysis temperature and the heating rate.
Gea, Gloria; Murillo, María Benita; Arauzo, Jesús; Frederick, W J
Swelling behavior of black liquor from soda pulping of wheat straw Artículo de revista
En: Energy and Fuels, vol. 17, no 1, pp. 46–53, 2003, ISSN: 08870624.
@article{Gea2003,
title = {Swelling behavior of black liquor from soda pulping of wheat straw},
author = {Gloria Gea and María Benita Murillo and Jesús Arauzo and W J Frederick},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef0200469},
issn = {08870624},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {46--53},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The primary aim of this research work was to characterize the swelling properties of black liquor and their dependence on the temperature and gas composition of the combustion or gasification environment. The measurements were made using an industrial black liquor from soda pumping of wheat straw. The swelling measurements were carried out in a single droplet reactor. This paper presents data that show the influence of the reactor temperature and the gas composition on the swelling during devolatilization, and compares the swelling characteristics of a straw black liquor with similar published data on black liquors from kraft pulping of wood. Experiments were carried out in inert, oxiding, and gasifying environments, at temperatures from 500 to 900°C. One interesting result was that the straw liquor swelled much more than most kraft or soda liquors from pulping of wood. Another result was that droplets subjected to hot gas atmospheres containing O2, CO2 and/or H2O(v) swelled less than those subjected to hot N2 atmospheres. The data obtained suggest that the straw soda black liquor would burn more rapidly than most kraft liquors from pulping of wood because of its high external surface area when swollen. This highly swelling liquor caused problems with fluidization when straw liquors were injected in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The primary aim of this research work was to characterize the swelling properties of black liquor and their dependence on the temperature and gas composition of the combustion or gasification environment. The measurements were made using an industrial black liquor from soda pumping of wheat straw. The swelling measurements were carried out in a single droplet reactor. This paper presents data that show the influence of the reactor temperature and the gas composition on the swelling during devolatilization, and compares the swelling characteristics of a straw black liquor with similar published data on black liquors from kraft pulping of wood. Experiments were carried out in inert, oxiding, and gasifying environments, at temperatures from 500 to 900°C. One interesting result was that the straw liquor swelled much more than most kraft or soda liquors from pulping of wood. Another result was that droplets subjected to hot gas atmospheres containing O2, CO2 and/or H2O(v) swelled less than those subjected to hot N2 atmospheres. The data obtained suggest that the straw soda black liquor would burn more rapidly than most kraft liquors from pulping of wood because of its high external surface area when swollen. This highly swelling liquor caused problems with fluidization when straw liquors were injected in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed gasifier.