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2015
Atienza-Martínez, María; Mastral, José Francisco; Ábrego, Javier; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Sewage sludge torrefaction in an auger reactor Artículo de revista
En: Energy and Fuels, vol. 29, no 1, pp. 160–170, 2015, ISSN: 15205029.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2015b,
title = {Sewage sludge torrefaction in an auger reactor},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and José Francisco Mastral and Javier Ábrego and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef501425h},
issn = {15205029},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {160--170},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {A lab-scale auger reactor was used for the study of dry sewage sludge torrefaction. The influence of the torrefaction temperature (between 250 and 300 °C) and the solid residence time (between 13 and 35 min) on the product distribution and properties was investigated. The results have shown that both parameters affect dry sewage sludge torrefaction products to a similar extent within the ranges of study. The yield of torrefied sewage sludge decreases when increasing the torrefaction temperature and the solid residence time, while the yields of liquid and noncondensable gases show the opposite trend. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the major noncondensable products. The yield of water is higher than the initial moisture content of sewage sludge. Organic compounds are also released during torrefaction, especially under severe conditions. Torrefaction liquid separates into an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The former is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and steroids and their derivatives. The latter is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and oxygen- and nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds. Torrefaction pretreatment eases sewage sludge grindability and improves some of its fuel properties. O/C and H/C molar ratios of the torrefied solid are lower than those of the dry sewage sludge, while the higher heating value (daf) is higher. The energy density is higher under specific torrefaction conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A lab-scale auger reactor was used for the study of dry sewage sludge torrefaction. The influence of the torrefaction temperature (between 250 and 300 °C) and the solid residence time (between 13 and 35 min) on the product distribution and properties was investigated. The results have shown that both parameters affect dry sewage sludge torrefaction products to a similar extent within the ranges of study. The yield of torrefied sewage sludge decreases when increasing the torrefaction temperature and the solid residence time, while the yields of liquid and noncondensable gases show the opposite trend. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the major noncondensable products. The yield of water is higher than the initial moisture content of sewage sludge. Organic compounds are also released during torrefaction, especially under severe conditions. Torrefaction liquid separates into an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The former is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and steroids and their derivatives. The latter is rich in oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds and oxygen- and nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds. Torrefaction pretreatment eases sewage sludge grindability and improves some of its fuel properties. O/C and H/C molar ratios of the torrefied solid are lower than those of the dry sewage sludge, while the higher heating value (daf) is higher. The energy density is higher under specific torrefaction conditions.
2013
Atienza-Martínez, María; Fonts, Isabel; Ábrego, Javier; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Sewage sludge torrefaction in a fluidized bed reactor Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 222, pp. 534–545, 2013, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2013,
title = {Sewage sludge torrefaction in a fluidized bed reactor},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Isabel Fonts and Javier Ábrego and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894713002416},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-04-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {222},
pages = {534--545},
abstract = {Torrefaction of sewage sludge in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was studied in order to know if this pre-treatment could enhance the properties of this waste in subsequent thermochemical processing, such as pyrolysis. The influence was studied of two important torrefaction operational parameters, temperature (220–320°C) and solid residence time (3.6–10.2min), on the product distribution and properties. Taking into account the operation conditions evaluated in this work, torrefaction temperature affects solid product properties at long solid residence times (longer than 6.1min) and that the effect of solid residence time is only significant at the highest temperature (320°C). Severe torrefaction conditions result in the release of bonded water which could enhance some properties of the liquid obtained in the ensuing pyrolysis process. However, the torrefaction pre-treatment also implies that part of the extractives is lost from the raw material. Compared to dry raw sewage sludge, the energy density of sewage sludge after torrefaction increases under certain conditions. The removal of H2O and CO2 during the torrefaction step reduces the O/C ratio in the torrefied solid up to 0.12 (66.70% reduction compared to 0.37 in raw sewage sludge) which could be a benefit for subsequent thermochemical treatments. For example, one of the main drawbacks of pyrolysis liquids is their high oxygen content.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Torrefaction of sewage sludge in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was studied in order to know if this pre-treatment could enhance the properties of this waste in subsequent thermochemical processing, such as pyrolysis. The influence was studied of two important torrefaction operational parameters, temperature (220–320°C) and solid residence time (3.6–10.2min), on the product distribution and properties. Taking into account the operation conditions evaluated in this work, torrefaction temperature affects solid product properties at long solid residence times (longer than 6.1min) and that the effect of solid residence time is only significant at the highest temperature (320°C). Severe torrefaction conditions result in the release of bonded water which could enhance some properties of the liquid obtained in the ensuing pyrolysis process. However, the torrefaction pre-treatment also implies that part of the extractives is lost from the raw material. Compared to dry raw sewage sludge, the energy density of sewage sludge after torrefaction increases under certain conditions. The removal of H2O and CO2 during the torrefaction step reduces the O/C ratio in the torrefied solid up to 0.12 (66.70% reduction compared to 0.37 in raw sewage sludge) which could be a benefit for subsequent thermochemical treatments. For example, one of the main drawbacks of pyrolysis liquids is their high oxygen content.
2008
García-Bacaicoa, Pedro; Mastral, José Francisco; Ceamanos, Jesús; Berrueco, César; Serrano, S
Gasification of biomass/high density polyethylene mixtures in a downdraft gasifier Artículo de revista
En: Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no 13, pp. 5485–5491, 2008, ISSN: 09608524.
@article{Garcia-Bacaicoa2008,
title = {Gasification of biomass/high density polyethylene mixtures in a downdraft gasifier},
author = {Pedro García-Bacaicoa and José Francisco Mastral and Jesús Ceamanos and César Berrueco and S Serrano},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.003},
issn = {09608524},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-09-01},
journal = {Bioresource Technology},
volume = {99},
number = {13},
pages = {5485--5491},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {In this work, an experimental study of the thermal decomposition of mixtures of wood particles and high density polyethylene in different atmospheres has been carried out in a downdraft gasifier with a nominal processing capacity of 50 kg/h. The main objective was to study the feasibility of the operation of the gasification plant using mixtures and to investigate the characteristics of the gas obtained. In order to do so, experiments with biomass only and with mixtures with up to 15% HDPE have been carried out. The main components of the gas generated are N2 (50%), H2 (14%), CO (9-22%) and CO2 (7-17%) and its relatively high calorific value was adequate for using it in an internal combustion engine generator consisting of a modified diesel engine coupled with a 25 kV A alternator. textcopyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this work, an experimental study of the thermal decomposition of mixtures of wood particles and high density polyethylene in different atmospheres has been carried out in a downdraft gasifier with a nominal processing capacity of 50 kg/h. The main objective was to study the feasibility of the operation of the gasification plant using mixtures and to investigate the characteristics of the gas obtained. In order to do so, experiments with biomass only and with mixtures with up to 15% HDPE have been carried out. The main components of the gas generated are N2 (50%), H2 (14%), CO (9-22%) and CO2 (7-17%) and its relatively high calorific value was adequate for using it in an internal combustion engine generator consisting of a modified diesel engine coupled with a 25 kV A alternator. textcopyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2007
Mastral, José Francisco; Berrueco, César; Ceamanos, Jesús
Theoretical prediction of product distribution of the pyrolysis of high density polyethylene Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 80, no 2, pp. 427–438, 2007, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Mastral2007b,
title = {Theoretical prediction of product distribution of the pyrolysis of high density polyethylene},
author = {José Francisco Mastral and César Berrueco and Jesús Ceamanos},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaap.2006.07.009},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-10-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {80},
number = {2},
pages = {427--438},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The main objective of this work is the formulation and development of a model that predicts the product distribution obtained in the pyrolysis of polyethylene. In order to do this a mechanistic model has been developed based on a radical mechanism. This model uses a small number of elementary kinetic steps, including initiation, $beta$-scission, H-abstraction, aromatization and radical combination. The mechanism allows the prediction of the compounds obtained during the pyrolysis. Given the great number of species considered, the simulation of the pyrolysis process requires the solution of complex systems of ordinary differential equations. The results obtained have been validated with experimental results obtained in a free fall installation in which the pyrolysis process has been studied at different temperatures (500-1000 °C) and residence times (0.52-2.07 s). textcopyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The main objective of this work is the formulation and development of a model that predicts the product distribution obtained in the pyrolysis of polyethylene. In order to do this a mechanistic model has been developed based on a radical mechanism. This model uses a small number of elementary kinetic steps, including initiation, $beta$-scission, H-abstraction, aromatization and radical combination. The mechanism allows the prediction of the compounds obtained during the pyrolysis. Given the great number of species considered, the simulation of the pyrolysis process requires the solution of complex systems of ordinary differential equations. The results obtained have been validated with experimental results obtained in a free fall installation in which the pyrolysis process has been studied at different temperatures (500-1000 °C) and residence times (0.52-2.07 s). textcopyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mastral, José Francisco; Berrueco, César; Ceamanos, Jesús
Modelling of the pyrolysis of high density polyethylene. Product distribution in a fluidized bed reactor Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 79, no 1-2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 313–322, 2007, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Mastral2007a,
title = {Modelling of the pyrolysis of high density polyethylene. Product distribution in a fluidized bed reactor},
author = {José Francisco Mastral and César Berrueco and Jesús Ceamanos},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaap.2006.10.018},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-05-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {79},
number = {1-2 SPEC. ISS.},
pages = {313--322},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The increase in the generation of plastic wastes has triggered the study of different alternatives for their recovery. Pyrolysis appears to be an interesting alternative for the treatment of mixtures of different plastics. The development of a model that simulates polyethylene pyrolysis (one of the most abundant plastics) has been considered interesting in order to analyse the influence of the operation variables on the behaviour of the system. The existing models predict the generation of the main products, paraffins, olefins and diolefins, but not the influence of temperature and residence time on the product distribution. Neither is the formation of aromatics and polyaromatics included. The main objective of this work is the formulation and development of a model that predicts the product distribution obtained in the pyrolysis of polyethylene. In order to do this a mechanistic model has been developed based on a radical mechanism. This model uses a small number of elementary kinetic steps, including initiation, $beta$-scission, H-abstraction, aromatization and radical combination. The results obtained have been validated with experimental results obtained in a fluidized bed reactor in which the pyrolysis process has been studied at different temperatures (640-700 °C) and residence times (0.8-2.6 s). The results show that the trends experimentally observed for the different temperatures and residence times studied are predicted. textcopyright 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The increase in the generation of plastic wastes has triggered the study of different alternatives for their recovery. Pyrolysis appears to be an interesting alternative for the treatment of mixtures of different plastics. The development of a model that simulates polyethylene pyrolysis (one of the most abundant plastics) has been considered interesting in order to analyse the influence of the operation variables on the behaviour of the system. The existing models predict the generation of the main products, paraffins, olefins and diolefins, but not the influence of temperature and residence time on the product distribution. Neither is the formation of aromatics and polyaromatics included. The main objective of this work is the formulation and development of a model that predicts the product distribution obtained in the pyrolysis of polyethylene. In order to do this a mechanistic model has been developed based on a radical mechanism. This model uses a small number of elementary kinetic steps, including initiation, $beta$-scission, H-abstraction, aromatization and radical combination. The results obtained have been validated with experimental results obtained in a fluidized bed reactor in which the pyrolysis process has been studied at different temperatures (640-700 °C) and residence times (0.8-2.6 s). The results show that the trends experimentally observed for the different temperatures and residence times studied are predicted. textcopyright 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.