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Address: Universidad Pública de Navarra, Spain
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Currently at Universidad Pública de Navarra
PUBLICATIONS h5>
2019
Ábrego, Javier; Atienza-Martínez, María; Plou, F; Arauzo, Jesús
Heat requirement for fixed bed pyrolysis of beechwood chips Artículo de revista
En: Energy, vol. 178, pp. 145–157, 2019, ISSN: 03605442.
@article{Abrego2019,
title = {Heat requirement for fixed bed pyrolysis of beechwood chips},
author = {Javier Ábrego and María Atienza-Martínez and F Plou and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.078},
issn = {03605442},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-01},
journal = {Energy},
volume = {178},
pages = {145--157},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The evaluation of heat of pyrolysis reactions at conditions relevant to the industrial practice is of great importance from the point of view of reactor design. Here, the evolution of heat during the pyrolysis of beechwood chips was experimentally measured in a lab-scale fixed bed pyrolysis system. Wood was heated and pyrolyzed by means of heat transferred from a mass of surrounding inert material (sand) initially heated at temperatures between 400 and 800 °C. Monitoring the evolution of temperatures in the system allowed calculation of heat for pyrolysis (QP) as a function of wood bed temperature. At pyrolysis conditions where slow heating rates of the wood bed are realized, changes in QP were clearly linked to the decomposition of the individual constituents of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), with consecutive exothermic and endothermic stages. When high temperature gradients were present, these stages were simultaneous and QP continuously increased with temperature, reaching 550 kJ kg−1. Under these circumstances, a correlation is provided for QP (T) up to 556 °C. The enthalpy of the pyrolysis reactions ($Delta$HP) was also estimated. Results show good coincidence with previously reported literature values. The proposed experimental system could be useful for determining heat requirements of pyrolysis under different operational conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The evaluation of heat of pyrolysis reactions at conditions relevant to the industrial practice is of great importance from the point of view of reactor design. Here, the evolution of heat during the pyrolysis of beechwood chips was experimentally measured in a lab-scale fixed bed pyrolysis system. Wood was heated and pyrolyzed by means of heat transferred from a mass of surrounding inert material (sand) initially heated at temperatures between 400 and 800 °C. Monitoring the evolution of temperatures in the system allowed calculation of heat for pyrolysis (QP) as a function of wood bed temperature. At pyrolysis conditions where slow heating rates of the wood bed are realized, changes in QP were clearly linked to the decomposition of the individual constituents of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), with consecutive exothermic and endothermic stages. When high temperature gradients were present, these stages were simultaneous and QP continuously increased with temperature, reaching 550 kJ kg−1. Under these circumstances, a correlation is provided for QP (T) up to 556 °C. The enthalpy of the pyrolysis reactions ($Delta$HP) was also estimated. Results show good coincidence with previously reported literature values. The proposed experimental system could be useful for determining heat requirements of pyrolysis under different operational conditions.
2018
Ábrego, Javier; Plaza, Daniel; Luño, Francisco; Atienza-Martínez, María; Gea, Gloria
Pyrolysis of cashew nutshells: Characterization of products and energy balance Artículo de revista
En: Energy, vol. 158, pp. 72–80, 2018, ISSN: 03605442.
@article{Abrego2018,
title = {Pyrolysis of cashew nutshells: Characterization of products and energy balance},
author = {Javier Ábrego and Daniel Plaza and Francisco Luño and María Atienza-Martínez and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.011},
issn = {03605442},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-01},
journal = {Energy},
volume = {158},
pages = {72--80},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Cashew cultivation leads to the generation of large amounts of nutshells. In order to determine whether pyrolysis could be a suitable method for the valorization of this agricultural residue, cashew nutshells (CNS) from Burkina Faso were pyrolyzed in the temperature range between 400 and 600 °C in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The solid, liquid and gaseous fractions were quantified and characterized, with special focus on the solid product. Recovery of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was accomplished during pyrolysis separately from the pyrolysis liquid. Results suggest that, except for the aqueous fraction, all the products obtained from pyrolysis are suitable for fuel purposes, and that part of the CNSL can be recovered below 200 °C during the heating process. A preliminary energy balance of the process shows that burning the gases can provide the energy necessary for the process at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cashew cultivation leads to the generation of large amounts of nutshells. In order to determine whether pyrolysis could be a suitable method for the valorization of this agricultural residue, cashew nutshells (CNS) from Burkina Faso were pyrolyzed in the temperature range between 400 and 600 °C in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The solid, liquid and gaseous fractions were quantified and characterized, with special focus on the solid product. Recovery of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) was accomplished during pyrolysis separately from the pyrolysis liquid. Results suggest that, except for the aqueous fraction, all the products obtained from pyrolysis are suitable for fuel purposes, and that part of the CNSL can be recovered below 200 °C during the heating process. A preliminary energy balance of the process shows that burning the gases can provide the energy necessary for the process at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C.
Atienza-Martínez, María; Ábrego, Javier; Mastral, José Francisco; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment Artículo de revista
En: Energy, vol. 144, pp. 723–735, 2018, ISSN: 03605442.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2018,
title = {Energy and exergy analyses of sewage sludge thermochemical treatment},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Javier Ábrego and José Francisco Mastral and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.007},
issn = {03605442},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-01},
journal = {Energy},
volume = {144},
pages = {723--735},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental data and evaluated under different conditions. The results indicated that the endothermicity decreased with the severity of the process. The energy recovery from the products favored the exothermicity of the processes. The three-step process (pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge combined with catalytic post-treatment of the hot vapors) was the least exergy efficient scenario.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this research was to provide a methodology for calculating the energy and exergy balances for the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge. The results of the balances were assessed and compared for three different scenarios (torrefaction, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined with catalytic post-treatment of the vapors). The balances were calculated based on previously published experimental data and evaluated under different conditions. The results indicated that the endothermicity decreased with the severity of the process. The energy recovery from the products favored the exothermicity of the processes. The three-step process (pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge combined with catalytic post-treatment of the hot vapors) was the least exergy efficient scenario.
2017
Atienza-Martínez, María; Rubio, I; Fonts, Isabel; Ceamanos, Jesús; Gea, Gloria
Effect of torrefaction on the catalytic post-treatment of sewage sludge pyrolysis vapors using $gamma$-Al2O3 Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 308, pp. 264–274, 2017, ISSN: 13858947.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2017,
title = {Effect of torrefaction on the catalytic post-treatment of sewage sludge pyrolysis vapors using $gamma$-Al2O3},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and I Rubio and Isabel Fonts and Jesús Ceamanos and Gloria Gea},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.042},
issn = {13858947},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
volume = {308},
pages = {264--274},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {This work examines the influence of sewage sludge pre-treatment by torrefaction on the distribution and properties of the products obtained from its pyrolysis followed by catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors. Sewage sludge was first torrefied in an auger reactor under two different conditions: temperature of 250 °C and 275°C and average solid residence times of 13 min and 24 min, respectively. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530 °C in a fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors was carried out in a fixed bed reactor using gamma-alumina ($gamma$-Al2O3) as a catalyst. The experimental results showed that the combination of the torrefaction pre-treatment with the catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors did not noticeably improved the properties of the liquid organic phases for use as a fuel, in terms of O/C molar ratio and nitrogen content, compared to pyrolysis of sewage sludge with the same catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors but without the torrefaction pre-treatment. Generally, the torrefaction did not have effect on the type of chemical families identified in the liquid phases and had little effect on the proportion of these families. The advantages of the combination of treatments were, on the one hand, the catalyst saving resulting from the lower amount of vapors generated by the pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge and, on the other hand, the slight decrease in the coke yield.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This work examines the influence of sewage sludge pre-treatment by torrefaction on the distribution and properties of the products obtained from its pyrolysis followed by catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors. Sewage sludge was first torrefied in an auger reactor under two different conditions: temperature of 250 °C and 275°C and average solid residence times of 13 min and 24 min, respectively. Pyrolysis was conducted at 530 °C in a fluidized bed reactor. The catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors was carried out in a fixed bed reactor using gamma-alumina ($gamma$-Al2O3) as a catalyst. The experimental results showed that the combination of the torrefaction pre-treatment with the catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors did not noticeably improved the properties of the liquid organic phases for use as a fuel, in terms of O/C molar ratio and nitrogen content, compared to pyrolysis of sewage sludge with the same catalytic post-treatment of the hot pyrolysis vapors but without the torrefaction pre-treatment. Generally, the torrefaction did not have effect on the type of chemical families identified in the liquid phases and had little effect on the proportion of these families. The advantages of the combination of treatments were, on the one hand, the catalyst saving resulting from the lower amount of vapors generated by the pyrolysis of torrefied sewage sludge and, on the other hand, the slight decrease in the coke yield.
Fonts, Isabel; Navarro-Puyuelo, Andrea; Ruiz-Gómez, Nadia; Atienza-Martínez, María; Wisniewski, Alberto; Gea, Gloria
Assessment of the Production of Value-Added Chemical Compounds from Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Liquids Artículo de revista
En: Energy Technology, vol. 5, no 1, pp. 151–171, 2017, ISSN: 21944288.
@article{Fonts2017,
title = {Assessment of the Production of Value-Added Chemical Compounds from Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Liquids},
author = {Isabel Fonts and Andrea Navarro-Puyuelo and Nadia Ruiz-Gómez and María Atienza-Martínez and Alberto Wisniewski and Gloria Gea},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ente.201600183},
doi = {10.1002/ente.201600183},
issn = {21944288},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Energy Technology},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {151--171},
publisher = {Wiley-VCH Verlag},
abstract = {A procedure to analyze sewage sludge (SS) pyrolysis liquids based on solvent fractionation has been developed. Pyrolysis liquids are separated into three different fractions: heptane soluble (Hep-sol), dichloromethane soluble (DCM-sol), and hydrochloric acid soluble (HCl-sol). Diverse techniques (GC-MS, UPLC-TOF-MS) were employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze liquid fractions to assess the potential production of value-added chemicals. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic nitriles, and steroids were mostly separated in the Hep-sol fraction, phenols and fatty acids in the DCM-sol fraction, and carboxylic acids and amides in the HCl-sol fraction. The largest production was obtained for ammonia (10–14 kg per tonne of SS) and $alpha$-olefins (8–9 kg per tonne of SS). The potential production of some of these value-added chemicals from SS pyrolysis liquid was compared with their current European production. In the case of $alpha$-olefins, 16 % of their European production could be achieved by SS pyrolysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A procedure to analyze sewage sludge (SS) pyrolysis liquids based on solvent fractionation has been developed. Pyrolysis liquids are separated into three different fractions: heptane soluble (Hep-sol), dichloromethane soluble (DCM-sol), and hydrochloric acid soluble (HCl-sol). Diverse techniques (GC-MS, UPLC-TOF-MS) were employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze liquid fractions to assess the potential production of value-added chemicals. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic nitriles, and steroids were mostly separated in the Hep-sol fraction, phenols and fatty acids in the DCM-sol fraction, and carboxylic acids and amides in the HCl-sol fraction. The largest production was obtained for ammonia (10–14 kg per tonne of SS) and $alpha$-olefins (8–9 kg per tonne of SS). The potential production of some of these value-added chemicals from SS pyrolysis liquid was compared with their current European production. In the case of $alpha$-olefins, 16 % of their European production could be achieved by SS pyrolysis.