1997
Artículos de revista
Alzueta, María U; Glarborg, Peter; Dam-Johansen, Kim
Low temperature interactions between hydrocarbons and nitric oxide: An experimental study Artículo de revista
En: Combustion and Flame, vol. 109, no 1-2, pp. 25–36, 1997, ISSN: 00102180.
@article{Alzueta1997a,
title = {Low temperature interactions between hydrocarbons and nitric oxide: An experimental study},
author = {María U Alzueta and Peter Glarborg and Kim Dam-Johansen},
doi = {10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00146-0},
issn = {00102180},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-04-01},
journal = {Combustion and Flame},
volume = {109},
number = {1-2},
pages = {25--36},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Gas reburning is a NO(x) control technique that can be applied in different combustion systems. In it, gas is injected into the furnace downstream of the primary burners to form a substoichiometric zone followed by the injection of burnout air. The variables that influence the chemistry in the reducing zone (temperature between 900 and 1450 K, reburn fuel type, stoichiometry, NO concentration and residence time), which is mainly controlled by the interactions between hydrocarbon radicals and NO, have been studied in a laboratory scale flow reactor. A significant NO reduction efficiency can be obtained with proper operating conditions. The NO destruction is closely coupled to the hydrocarbon oxidation regime, which differs depending on the hydrocarbon fuel considered, and NO is to a significant extent converted to HCN. The concentration of hydrocarbons and oxygen, and the temperature are important parameters affecting the results obtained, whereas the inlet NO concentration and the residence time only have a minor effect. The practical implications of the present results for gas reburning are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gas reburning is a NO(x) control technique that can be applied in different combustion systems. In it, gas is injected into the furnace downstream of the primary burners to form a substoichiometric zone followed by the injection of burnout air. The variables that influence the chemistry in the reducing zone (temperature between 900 and 1450 K, reburn fuel type, stoichiometry, NO concentration and residence time), which is mainly controlled by the interactions between hydrocarbon radicals and NO, have been studied in a laboratory scale flow reactor. A significant NO reduction efficiency can be obtained with proper operating conditions. The NO destruction is closely coupled to the hydrocarbon oxidation regime, which differs depending on the hydrocarbon fuel considered, and NO is to a significant extent converted to HCN. The concentration of hydrocarbons and oxygen, and the temperature are important parameters affecting the results obtained, whereas the inlet NO concentration and the residence time only have a minor effect. The practical implications of the present results for gas reburning are discussed.
Bilbao, Rafael; Mastral, José Francisco; Aldea, María E; Ceamanos, Jesús
Kinetic study for the thermal decomposition of cellulose and pine sawdust in an air atmosphere Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 39, no 1, pp. 53–64, 1997, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Bilbao1997,
title = {Kinetic study for the thermal decomposition of cellulose and pine sawdust in an air atmosphere},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and José Francisco Mastral and María E Aldea and Jesús Ceamanos},
doi = {10.1016/S0165-2370(96)00957-6},
issn = {01652370},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {53--64},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Isothermal and dynamic experiments have been performed to obtain kinetic equations for the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials in an air atmosphere. The experiments were performed with cellulose, which is considered to be the main component in these materials, and pine sawdust. Equations corresponding to the different ranges of temperature and solid conversions have been obtained. A comparison has been carried out between the kinetic constant values obtained with cellulose and pine sawdust under the same operating conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Isothermal and dynamic experiments have been performed to obtain kinetic equations for the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials in an air atmosphere. The experiments were performed with cellulose, which is considered to be the main component in these materials, and pine sawdust. Equations corresponding to the different ranges of temperature and solid conversions have been obtained. A comparison has been carried out between the kinetic constant values obtained with cellulose and pine sawdust under the same operating conditions.
Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U; Millera, Ángela; Prada, Lina
Dilution and stoichiometry effects on gas reburning: An experimental study Artículo de revista
En: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 36, no 6, pp. 2440–2444, 1997, ISSN: 08885885.
@article{Bilbao1997a,
title = {Dilution and stoichiometry effects on gas reburning: An experimental study},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta and Ángela Millera and Lina Prada},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie9606101},
issn = {08885885},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {2440--2444},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Gas returning is a NOx reduction technique that can be applied to different combustion systems. The influence of stoichiometry and dilution effects on the efficiency of the gas reburning process has been studied from an experimental point of view at a temperature of 1100°C. Methane, ethane, and natural gas have been used as reburning fuels. The results obtained show that both stoichiometry and dilution level are very important parameters for the performance of the process. textcopyright 1997 American Chemical Society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gas returning is a NOx reduction technique that can be applied to different combustion systems. The influence of stoichiometry and dilution effects on the efficiency of the gas reburning process has been studied from an experimental point of view at a temperature of 1100°C. Methane, ethane, and natural gas have been used as reburning fuels. The results obtained show that both stoichiometry and dilution level are very important parameters for the performance of the process. textcopyright 1997 American Chemical Society.
Alzueta, María U; Røjel, Hanne; Kristensen, Per G; Glarborg, Peter; Dam-Johansen, Kim
Laboratory study of the CO/NH3/NO/O2 system: Implications for hybrid reburn/SNCR strategies Artículo de revista
En: Energy and Fuels, vol. 11, no 3, pp. 716–722, 1997, ISSN: 08870624.
@article{Alzueta1997,
title = {Laboratory study of the CO/NH3/NO/O2 system: Implications for hybrid reburn/SNCR strategies},
author = {María U Alzueta and Hanne Røjel and Per G Kristensen and Peter Glarborg and Kim Dam-Johansen},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef960140n},
issn = {08870624},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {716--722},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {A laboratory study of the hybrid reburning/SNCR technique has been performed under flow reactor conditions. This technique involves the use of a selective reducing agent in the presence of combustibles (mainly CO) arising from the reburning zone. The impact of CO and O2 concentrations, NH3/NO ratio, as well as the presence of HCN has been investigated as a function of the temperature in the range 700-1300 K. The results show that CO in concentrations typical of the rich/lean transition in reburning shift the regime for NO reduction in the SNCR process to temperatures below 1000 K and cause a narrowing of the temperature window. The NO reduction potential is largely unaffected compared to conditions with low CO, and the effect varying the O2 concentration in the range 0.5-4.0% as well as of adding of HCN is found to be insignificant. Synergistic effects between reburning and SNCR are only observed in a narrow range of operating conditions with very low concentrations of CO and O2. Model predictions using a detailed reaction mechanism generally compare favorably with the experimental results. The present results indicate that a reduction of the CO level from the reburn zone is required before the SNCR chemistry is initiated. This can be obtained either by staging the burnout air or by injecting the N-agent in an aqueous solution to delay reaction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A laboratory study of the hybrid reburning/SNCR technique has been performed under flow reactor conditions. This technique involves the use of a selective reducing agent in the presence of combustibles (mainly CO) arising from the reburning zone. The impact of CO and O2 concentrations, NH3/NO ratio, as well as the presence of HCN has been investigated as a function of the temperature in the range 700-1300 K. The results show that CO in concentrations typical of the rich/lean transition in reburning shift the regime for NO reduction in the SNCR process to temperatures below 1000 K and cause a narrowing of the temperature window. The NO reduction potential is largely unaffected compared to conditions with low CO, and the effect varying the O2 concentration in the range 0.5-4.0% as well as of adding of HCN is found to be insignificant. Synergistic effects between reburning and SNCR are only observed in a narrow range of operating conditions with very low concentrations of CO and O2. Model predictions using a detailed reaction mechanism generally compare favorably with the experimental results. The present results indicate that a reduction of the CO level from the reburn zone is required before the SNCR chemistry is initiated. This can be obtained either by staging the burnout air or by injecting the N-agent in an aqueous solution to delay reaction.
1996
Artículos de revista
Bilbao, Rafael; Mastral, José Francisco; Ceamanos, Jesús; Aldea, María E
Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of polyurethane foams in nitrogen and air atmospheres Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 37, no 1, pp. 69–82, 1996, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Bilbao1996a,
title = {Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of polyurethane foams in nitrogen and air atmospheres},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and José Francisco Mastral and Jesús Ceamanos and María E Aldea},
doi = {10.1016/0165-2370(96)00936-9},
issn = {01652370},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-08-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {69--82},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The kinetic equations of polyurethane foam weight loss have been determined and the influence of the atmosphere, using nitrogen and air, has been analyzed. The results of the kinetic constants obtained from isothermal and dynamic experiments have been related. A comparison between the kinetic constant values corresponding to nitrogen and air atmospheres has also been performed. The significance of using the values of solid weight that can be lost at a given temperature is analyzed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The kinetic equations of polyurethane foam weight loss have been determined and the influence of the atmosphere, using nitrogen and air, has been analyzed. The results of the kinetic constants obtained from isothermal and dynamic experiments have been related. A comparison between the kinetic constant values corresponding to nitrogen and air atmospheres has also been performed. The significance of using the values of solid weight that can be lost at a given temperature is analyzed.
Bilbao, Rafael; Mastral, José Francisco; Ceamanos, Jesús; Aldea, María E
Modelling of the pyrolysis of wet wood Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 36, no 1, pp. 81–97, 1996, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Bilbao1996,
title = {Modelling of the pyrolysis of wet wood},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and José Francisco Mastral and Jesús Ceamanos and María E Aldea},
doi = {10.1016/0165-2370(95)00918-3},
issn = {01652370},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {81--97},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The influence of moisture content on the thermal decomposition of wood has been analyzed. Using wood slabs, experimental results of temperature profiles and solid conversion for different moisture contents and heat fluxes have been obtained. A mathematical model without adjustable parameters was used to calculate the temperature at different points in the sample and the average total solid conversion. Once the validity of different assumptions of the model had been analyzed, the experimental results were compared with those calculated by the model. Acceptable agreement was achieved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The influence of moisture content on the thermal decomposition of wood has been analyzed. Using wood slabs, experimental results of temperature profiles and solid conversion for different moisture contents and heat fluxes have been obtained. A mathematical model without adjustable parameters was used to calculate the temperature at different points in the sample and the average total solid conversion. Once the validity of different assumptions of the model had been analyzed, the experimental results were compared with those calculated by the model. Acceptable agreement was achieved.
1995
Artículos de revista
Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U; Millera, Ángela
Experimental Study of the Influence of the Operating Variables on Natural Gas Reburning Efficiency Artículo de revista
En: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 34, no 12, pp. 4531–4539, 1995, ISSN: 15205045.
@article{Bilbao1995b,
title = {Experimental Study of the Influence of the Operating Variables on Natural Gas Reburning Efficiency},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta and Ángela Millera},
doi = {10.1021/ie00039a047},
issn = {15205045},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-12-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {4531--4539},
abstract = {The influence of the main operating conditions in the reburning zone using natural gas on the NO, HCN, and NH3 concentrations obtained at the exit of this zone has been analyzed. Experiments with a wider range of variable values than those presented in the literature have been performed. The variables analyzed have been the temperature (1200–1500 °C), the natural gas concentration (1–4.5%) or reburning fuel fraction (0.08–0.50), the oxygen concentration at the inlet of the reburning zone (0–5%), the stoichiometric ratio in the reburning zone (0.75–1.05), the primary NO concentration (100–1200 ppm), and the gas residence time (94–280 ms). textcopyright 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The influence of the main operating conditions in the reburning zone using natural gas on the NO, HCN, and NH3 concentrations obtained at the exit of this zone has been analyzed. Experiments with a wider range of variable values than those presented in the literature have been performed. The variables analyzed have been the temperature (1200–1500 °C), the natural gas concentration (1–4.5%) or reburning fuel fraction (0.08–0.50), the oxygen concentration at the inlet of the reburning zone (0–5%), the stoichiometric ratio in the reburning zone (0.75–1.05), the primary NO concentration (100–1200 ppm), and the gas residence time (94–280 ms). textcopyright 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U; Millera, Ángela; Cantín, Valentín
Experimental study and modelling of the burnout zone in the natural gas reburning process Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 50, no 16, pp. 2579–2587, 1995, ISSN: 00092509.
@article{Bilbao1995a,
title = {Experimental study and modelling of the burnout zone in the natural gas reburning process},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta and Ángela Millera and Valentín Cantín},
doi = {10.1016/0009-2509(95)00119-P},
issn = {00092509},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-08-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering Science},
volume = {50},
number = {16},
pages = {2579--2587},
publisher = {Pergamon},
abstract = {The reburning process with natural gas is an effective technique which can be applied in existing coal combustors in order to reduce the NOx emissions. The importance of the burnout zone in this process is great, because significant amounts of CO, unburned fuel and reactive nitrogen can reach this zone. The influence of the temperature and the air excess introduced in the burnout zone on the concentration of the nitrogenous species has been studied. Experimental results have been determined of the concentrations of NO, HCN and NH3 in the exit gas for temperatures ranging between 900 and 1100°C and air excesses between 5 and 15%. An empirical correlation which fits the output NO concentration has been obtained. A simplified model has been developed to predict the output concentrations of the most interesting nitrogenous species. textcopyright 1995.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The reburning process with natural gas is an effective technique which can be applied in existing coal combustors in order to reduce the NOx emissions. The importance of the burnout zone in this process is great, because significant amounts of CO, unburned fuel and reactive nitrogen can reach this zone. The influence of the temperature and the air excess introduced in the burnout zone on the concentration of the nitrogenous species has been studied. Experimental results have been determined of the concentrations of NO, HCN and NH3 in the exit gas for temperatures ranging between 900 and 1100°C and air excesses between 5 and 15%. An empirical correlation which fits the output NO concentration has been obtained. A simplified model has been developed to predict the output concentrations of the most interesting nitrogenous species. textcopyright 1995.
Bilbao, Rafael; Arauzo, Jesús; Salvador, María L
Kinetics and Modeling of Gas Formation in the Thermal Decomposition of Powdery Cellulose and Pine Sawdust Artículo de revista
En: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 34, no 3, pp. 786–793, 1995, ISSN: 15205045.
@article{Bilbao1995,
title = {Kinetics and Modeling of Gas Formation in the Thermal Decomposition of Powdery Cellulose and Pine Sawdust},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and Jesús Arauzo and María L Salvador},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie00042a010},
issn = {15205045},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-03-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {786--793},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The formation of different gases in the thermal decomposition of cellulose and pine sawdust has been studied. The kinetic constants of CO2 and H2 formation in cellulose decomposition have been determined from results obtained in isothermal experiments. These kinetic constants have been taken as representative of pine sawdust decomposition at T > 292 °C, and values for lower temperatures have been obtained from isothermal experiments performed with pine sawdust. For both materials, a simple model without adjustable parameters has been applied that allows us to calculate the local temperature, solid conversion, and yield of each gas. The results obtained in dynamic experiments with heating rates ranging between 2 and 53 °C/min have been compared with the theoretical results, and an acceptable agreement has been achieved. textcopyright 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The formation of different gases in the thermal decomposition of cellulose and pine sawdust has been studied. The kinetic constants of CO2 and H2 formation in cellulose decomposition have been determined from results obtained in isothermal experiments. These kinetic constants have been taken as representative of pine sawdust decomposition at T > 292 °C, and values for lower temperatures have been obtained from isothermal experiments performed with pine sawdust. For both materials, a simple model without adjustable parameters has been applied that allows us to calculate the local temperature, solid conversion, and yield of each gas. The results obtained in dynamic experiments with heating rates ranging between 2 and 53 °C/min have been compared with the theoretical results, and an acceptable agreement has been achieved. textcopyright 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Informes técnicos
Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U; Millera, Ángela; Duarte, Mario
Simplified Kinetic Model of the Chemistry in the Reburning Zone Using Natural Gas Informe técnico
1995.
@techreport{Bilbao1995c,
title = {Simplified Kinetic Model of the Chemistry in the Reburning Zone Using Natural Gas},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta and Ángela Millera and Mario Duarte},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
booktitle = {Ind. Eng. Chem. Res},
volume = {34},
pages = {4540--4548},
abstract = {A simplified kinetic model of the chemistry of NO reduction by the action of natural gas has been obtained. This model consists of 87 elementary reactions and 38 chemical species. It takes into account the natural gas decomposition and oxidation, the interaction between NO and hydrocarbons, and the conversion of the intermediate nitrogenous species. The concentrations of the species calculated with the model have been compared with those obtained experimentally using the operating conditions for which a good efficiency in the rebuming zone is achieved. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental data of NO, HCN, CO, and CO2 has been extended to the results obtained over a wide range of values of the operating conditions in the reburning zone.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
A simplified kinetic model of the chemistry of NO reduction by the action of natural gas has been obtained. This model consists of 87 elementary reactions and 38 chemical species. It takes into account the natural gas decomposition and oxidation, the interaction between NO and hydrocarbons, and the conversion of the intermediate nitrogenous species. The concentrations of the species calculated with the model have been compared with those obtained experimentally using the operating conditions for which a good efficiency in the rebuming zone is achieved. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental data of NO, HCN, CO, and CO2 has been extended to the results obtained over a wide range of values of the operating conditions in the reburning zone.
1994
Artículos de revista
Bilbao, Rafael; Salvador, María L; Arauzo, Jesús
Influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles and on the conversion rate of powdery cellulose and pine sawdust Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 30, no 2, pp. 145–159, 1994, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Bilbao1994,
title = {Influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles and on the conversion rate of powdery cellulose and pine sawdust},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María L Salvador and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/0165-2370(94)00809-4},
issn = {01652370},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-12-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {30},
number = {2},
pages = {145--159},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of powdered cellulose and pine sawdust has been performed. The influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles in the sample and on the solid conversion rate has been studied. A mathematical model without adjustable parameters has been used to calculate the temperature at different points in the solid bed and the average total solid conversion. The experimental results have been compared with those calculated by the model. A good agreement has been obtained for sawdust. Some differences are observed for cellulose at high heating rates, and the influence of the thermal conductivity and the reaction heat on the results has been analysed. textcopyright 1994.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of powdered cellulose and pine sawdust has been performed. The influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles in the sample and on the solid conversion rate has been studied. A mathematical model without adjustable parameters has been used to calculate the temperature at different points in the solid bed and the average total solid conversion. The experimental results have been compared with those calculated by the model. A good agreement has been obtained for sawdust. Some differences are observed for cellulose at high heating rates, and the influence of the thermal conductivity and the reaction heat on the results has been analysed. textcopyright 1994.
Bilbao, Rafael; Millera, Ángela; Alzueta, María U
Influence of the Temperature and Oxygen Concentration on NOx Reduction in the Natural Gas Reburning Process Artículo de revista
En: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 33, no 11, pp. 2846–2852, 1994, ISSN: 15205045.
@article{Bilbao1994a,
title = {Influence of the Temperature and Oxygen Concentration on NOx Reduction in the Natural Gas Reburning Process},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and Ángela Millera and María U Alzueta},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie00035a039},
issn = {15205045},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-11-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {33},
number = {11},
pages = {2846--2852},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The reburning process with natural gas is an effective technique which can be applied in existing coal combustors in order to reduce the NOx emissions. The influence of the reburning temperature (1200–1500 °C) and the oxygen concentration coming from the primary combustion zone (0–5%) have been studied. Experimental results of NO, HCN, NH3, CO, CO2, and CH4 concentrations in the exit gas have been determined. The influence of the natural gas decomposition on these results has been analyzed. The experimental trends obtained have been compared with those calculated with the model of Kilpinen et al. (1992). textcopyright 1994, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The reburning process with natural gas is an effective technique which can be applied in existing coal combustors in order to reduce the NOx emissions. The influence of the reburning temperature (1200–1500 °C) and the oxygen concentration coming from the primary combustion zone (0–5%) have been studied. Experimental results of NO, HCN, NH3, CO, CO2, and CH4 concentrations in the exit gas have been determined. The influence of the natural gas decomposition on these results has been analyzed. The experimental trends obtained have been compared with those calculated with the model of Kilpinen et al. (1992). textcopyright 1994, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Arauzo, Jesús; Radlein, D; Piskorz, J; Scott, D S
A New Catalyst for the Catalytic Gasification of Biomass Artículo de revista
En: Energy and Fuels, vol. 8, no 6, pp. 1192–1196, 1994, ISSN: 15205029.
@article{Arauzo1994,
title = {A New Catalyst for the Catalytic Gasification of Biomass},
author = {Jesús Arauzo and D Radlein and J Piskorz and D S Scott},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ef00048a005},
issn = {15205029},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-11-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {1192--1196},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Various kinds of catalysts are being developed and tested for the pyrolytic gasification of biomass using the Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis Process (WFPP) technology. The present report describes gasification tests with wood in a continuous bench scale fluidized bed reactor but with no added air or oxygen in the region of 500–700 °C and at short gas contact times, using a crystalline nickel aluminate catalyst. The objective was to determine the most appropriate operating conditions for this catalyst and its performance for the production of a synthesis gas in high yields. Experiments were carried out with this catalyst in both inert and reactive gasification media, but without any oxygen or air addition. The results show the influence of the catalyst on the nature of the gasification products and the effect of operating variables. Gas compositions are given for typical WFPP operating conditions. Evidence is presented which indicates that the gasification mechanism is a fast thermal pyrolysis followed by catalytic reforming of the vapors with a high yield of synthesis gas. textcopyright 1994, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Various kinds of catalysts are being developed and tested for the pyrolytic gasification of biomass using the Waterloo Fast Pyrolysis Process (WFPP) technology. The present report describes gasification tests with wood in a continuous bench scale fluidized bed reactor but with no added air or oxygen in the region of 500–700 °C and at short gas contact times, using a crystalline nickel aluminate catalyst. The objective was to determine the most appropriate operating conditions for this catalyst and its performance for the production of a synthesis gas in high yields. Experiments were carried out with this catalyst in both inert and reactive gasification media, but without any oxygen or air addition. The results show the influence of the catalyst on the nature of the gasification products and the effect of operating variables. Gas compositions are given for typical WFPP operating conditions. Evidence is presented which indicates that the gasification mechanism is a fast thermal pyrolysis followed by catalytic reforming of the vapors with a high yield of synthesis gas. textcopyright 1994, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
García-Bacaicoa, Pedro; Bilbao, Rafael; Arauzo, Jesús; Salvador, María L
Scale-up of downdraft moving bed gasifiers (25-300 kg/h) – Design, experimental aspects and results Artículo de revista
En: Bioresource Technology, vol. 48, no 3, pp. 229–235, 1994, ISSN: 09608524.
@article{Garcia-Bacaicoa1994,
title = {Scale-up of downdraft moving bed gasifiers (25-300 kg/h) - Design, experimental aspects and results},
author = {Pedro García-Bacaicoa and Rafael Bilbao and Jesús Arauzo and María L Salvador},
doi = {10.1016/0960-8524(94)90151-1},
issn = {09608524},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-01-01},
journal = {Bioresource Technology},
volume = {48},
number = {3},
pages = {229--235},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Two installations with different biomass processing capacities (25-50 and 200-300 kg/h) were designed and constructed for air gasification of lignocellulosic biomass. This paper describes both installations as well as the experimental procedure. The influence of operating conditions on the amount and quality of products was determined. The results obtained from processing forestry waste are analysed. Values above 90% for mass conversion efficiency and over 70% for cold gas efficiency were reached. textcopyright 1994.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two installations with different biomass processing capacities (25-50 and 200-300 kg/h) were designed and constructed for air gasification of lignocellulosic biomass. This paper describes both installations as well as the experimental procedure. The influence of operating conditions on the amount and quality of products was determined. The results obtained from processing forestry waste are analysed. Values above 90% for mass conversion efficiency and over 70% for cold gas efficiency were reached. textcopyright 1994.
1993
Artículos de revista
Bilbao, Rafael; Salvador, María L; García-Bacaicoa, Pedro; Arauzo, Jesús
Solid weight loss in the thermal decomposition of cellulose and pine sawdust Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 24, no 3, pp. 257–271, 1993, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Bilbao1993a,
title = {Solid weight loss in the thermal decomposition of cellulose and pine sawdust},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María L Salvador and Pedro García-Bacaicoa and Jesús Arauzo},
doi = {10.1016/0165-2370(93)85005-J},
issn = {01652370},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-02-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {257--271},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of powdered lignocellulosic biomass was performed in a macrobalance system. Weight loss and temperature profiles in the bed for different heating rates were determined using mainly cellulose and pine sawdust. Some experiments with xylan and lignin were also carried out. A simple model was used to calculate weight loss and temperature at different points. An average temperature allows comparison of the results obtained. textcopyright 1993.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of powdered lignocellulosic biomass was performed in a macrobalance system. Weight loss and temperature profiles in the bed for different heating rates were determined using mainly cellulose and pine sawdust. Some experiments with xylan and lignin were also carried out. A simple model was used to calculate weight loss and temperature at different points. An average temperature allows comparison of the results obtained. textcopyright 1993.
Bilbao, Rafael; Millera, Ángela; Murillo, María Benita
Temperature Profiles and Weight Loss in the Thermal Decomposition of Large Spherical Wood Particles Artículo de revista
En: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 32, no 9, pp. 1811–1817, 1993, ISSN: 15205045.
@article{Bilbao1993,
title = {Temperature Profiles and Weight Loss in the Thermal Decomposition of Large Spherical Wood Particles},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and Ángela Millera and María Benita Murillo},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/ie00021a003},
issn = {15205045},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-01-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {32},
number = {9},
pages = {1811--1817},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {The thermal decomposition of relatively large particles of pine wood has been studied. By use of spherical particles of different sizes (2–5.6 cm in diameter), the experimental solid conversion values and the temperature at different points of the solid are analyzed for different heating rates of the system. The experimental results have been compared with those calculated with a simple model, which involves the solution of the heat and mass balances and the kinetic equations, using experimental values as boundary conditions. A good agreement has been obtained for particles up to 4 cm in diameter. For larger particles the mass transfer resistance inside the solid and the existence of secondary reactions may acquire an appreciable importance. textcopyright 1993, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The thermal decomposition of relatively large particles of pine wood has been studied. By use of spherical particles of different sizes (2–5.6 cm in diameter), the experimental solid conversion values and the temperature at different points of the solid are analyzed for different heating rates of the system. The experimental results have been compared with those calculated with a simple model, which involves the solution of the heat and mass balances and the kinetic equations, using experimental values as boundary conditions. A good agreement has been obtained for particles up to 4 cm in diameter. For larger particles the mass transfer resistance inside the solid and the existence of secondary reactions may acquire an appreciable importance. textcopyright 1993, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
1992
Artículos de revista
Bilbao, Rafael; Murillo, María Benita; Millera, Ángela
Angular and radial temperature profiles in the thermal decomposition of wood Artículo de revista
En: Thermochimica Acta, vol. 200, no C, pp. 401–411, 1992, ISSN: 00406031.
@article{Bilbao1992a,
title = {Angular and radial temperature profiles in the thermal decomposition of wood},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María Benita Murillo and Ángela Millera},
doi = {10.1016/0040-6031(92)85133-G},
issn = {00406031},
year = {1992},
date = {1992-07-01},
journal = {Thermochimica Acta},
volume = {200},
number = {C},
pages = {401--411},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {During the thermal decomposition of wood, an increase in the particle size produces an important decrease in the weight loss of the solid caused by significant temperature profiles, both radial and angular, inside the solid. In order to determine these profiles, experiments with different particle sizes (2, 3, 4 and 5.6 cm in diameter) have been carried out. In these experiments, temperatures at different points corresponding to various values of radii and angles were measured. An analysis of the different values and trends obtained has been performed. textcopyright 1992.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
During the thermal decomposition of wood, an increase in the particle size produces an important decrease in the weight loss of the solid caused by significant temperature profiles, both radial and angular, inside the solid. In order to determine these profiles, experiments with different particle sizes (2, 3, 4 and 5.6 cm in diameter) have been carried out. In these experiments, temperatures at different points corresponding to various values of radii and angles were measured. An analysis of the different values and trends obtained has been performed. textcopyright 1992.
Bilbao, Rafael; Murillo, María Benita; Millera, Ángela; Arauzo, Jesús; Caleya, José María
Thermal decomposition of a wood particle. Temperature profiles on the solid surface Artículo de revista
En: Thermochimica Acta, vol. 197, no 2, pp. 431–442, 1992, ISSN: 00406031.
@article{Bilbao1992,
title = {Thermal decomposition of a wood particle. Temperature profiles on the solid surface},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María Benita Murillo and Ángela Millera and Jesús Arauzo and José María Caleya},
doi = {10.1016/0040-6031(92)85044-V},
issn = {00406031},
year = {1992},
date = {1992-03-01},
journal = {Thermochimica Acta},
volume = {197},
number = {2},
pages = {431--442},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The calculation of the weight loss during the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials involves the solution of the heat and mass balance equations. In order to solve these equations it is necessary to know the temperature on the solid surface, which can vary at different points and can also be very different from the gas temperature. In this work, an experimental study was carried out in a system which allows the use of large particle sizes and the simulation of different operating conditions. In this study, the temperatures on the solid surface were measured and compared with those corresponding to the empty reactor. textcopyright 1992.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The calculation of the weight loss during the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials involves the solution of the heat and mass balance equations. In order to solve these equations it is necessary to know the temperature on the solid surface, which can vary at different points and can also be very different from the gas temperature. In this work, an experimental study was carried out in a system which allows the use of large particle sizes and the simulation of different operating conditions. In this study, the temperatures on the solid surface were measured and compared with those corresponding to the empty reactor. textcopyright 1992.
1991
Artículos de revista
Bilbao, Rafael; Murillo, María Benita; Millera, Ángela; Mastral, José Francisco
Thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials: comparison of the results obtained in different experimental systems Artículo de revista
En: Thermochimica Acta, vol. 190, no 2, pp. 163–173, 1991, ISSN: 00406031.
@article{Bilbao1991a,
title = {Thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials: comparison of the results obtained in different experimental systems},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and María Benita Murillo and Ángela Millera and José Francisco Mastral},
doi = {10.1016/0040-6031(91)85242-A},
issn = {00406031},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-11-01},
journal = {Thermochimica Acta},
volume = {190},
number = {2},
pages = {163--173},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {An experimental system that allows the use of large particle sizes and the simulation of different operating conditions was built to study the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials. The values of solid conversion and of temperature obtained at different points using spherical particles of pine wood 2 cm in diameter are shown. The conversion values are compared with those calculated from the equations obtained in a thermobalance for small particle sizes. textcopyright 1991.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An experimental system that allows the use of large particle sizes and the simulation of different operating conditions was built to study the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials. The values of solid conversion and of temperature obtained at different points using spherical particles of pine wood 2 cm in diameter are shown. The conversion values are compared with those calculated from the equations obtained in a thermobalance for small particle sizes. textcopyright 1991.
Bilbao, Rafael; Lezaun, J; Menéndez, Miguel; Izquierdo, Marı́a Teresa
Segregation of straw/sand mixtures in fluidized beds in non-steady state Artículo de revista
En: Powder Technology, vol. 68, no 1, pp. 31–35, 1991, ISSN: 00325910.
@article{Bilbao1991,
title = {Segregation of straw/sand mixtures in fluidized beds in non-steady state},
author = {Rafael Bilbao and J Lezaun and Miguel Menéndez and Marı́a Teresa Izquierdo},
doi = {10.1016/0032-5910(91)80061-M},
issn = {00325910},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-10-01},
journal = {Powder Technology},
volume = {68},
number = {1},
pages = {31--35},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {A model predicting the concentration profiles of straw/sand mixtures in non-steady-state fluidized beds is presented. The model is based on the mechanisms of mixing-segregation developed for these mixtures in steady state. A method to solve the mass balances is shown. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the experimental results and the predictions of the model. The variation of mixing index with the time is also shown. textcopyright 1991.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A model predicting the concentration profiles of straw/sand mixtures in non-steady-state fluidized beds is presented. The model is based on the mechanisms of mixing-segregation developed for these mixtures in steady state. A method to solve the mass balances is shown. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the experimental results and the predictions of the model. The variation of mixing index with the time is also shown. textcopyright 1991.