2020
Artículos de revista
Adánez-Rubio, Iñaki; Ferreira, R; Rio, T; Alzueta, María U; Costa, Mário
Soot and char formation in the gasification of pig manure in a drop tube reactor Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, vol. 281, pp. 118738, 2020, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{Adanez-Rubio2020b,
title = {Soot and char formation in the gasification of pig manure in a drop tube reactor},
author = {Iñaki Adánez-Rubio and R Ferreira and T Rio and María U Alzueta and Mário Costa},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118738},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {281},
pages = {118738},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Biomass gasification offers a significant potential to close the loop of agriculture and many other activities that produce biomass residues. Pig manure, a residue produced in farms, has a huge pollutant potential due to its high production and chemical characteristics. It is necessary to take some control measures to decrease it, being pig manure gasification an interesting option. The present work studies the impact of the gasification temperature and atmosphere on the syngas composition (CO, H2, CH4 and CO2) and formation of soot and char in the gasification of pig manure in a drop tube furnace. The temperature varied between 900 and 1200 °C, and the gasification atmospheres included mixtures of O2/N2, O2/CO2/N2 and O2/H2O/N2. The results revealed that i) the syngas H2/CO ratio and its low heating value increase as the gasification temperature increases regardless of the gasification atmosphere; ii) the addition of H2O to the O2/N2 gasification atmosphere augments significantly the syngas H2/CO ratio, but does not enhance its low heating value, while the addition of CO2 increases slightly the H2/CO ratio, but significantly the heating value, iii) for the present reactor, the optimum operating conditions for the gasification of the pig manure in terms of syngas heating value and yield are a gasification temperature of 1200 °C and a gasification atmosphere composed of a mixture of O2/CO2/N2; and iv) soot yields increase as the temperature increases when gasification occurs in the O2/N2 and O2/CO2/N2 environments, remaining almost constant in the O2/H2O/N2 environment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biomass gasification offers a significant potential to close the loop of agriculture and many other activities that produce biomass residues. Pig manure, a residue produced in farms, has a huge pollutant potential due to its high production and chemical characteristics. It is necessary to take some control measures to decrease it, being pig manure gasification an interesting option. The present work studies the impact of the gasification temperature and atmosphere on the syngas composition (CO, H2, CH4 and CO2) and formation of soot and char in the gasification of pig manure in a drop tube furnace. The temperature varied between 900 and 1200 °C, and the gasification atmospheres included mixtures of O2/N2, O2/CO2/N2 and O2/H2O/N2. The results revealed that i) the syngas H2/CO ratio and its low heating value increase as the gasification temperature increases regardless of the gasification atmosphere; ii) the addition of H2O to the O2/N2 gasification atmosphere augments significantly the syngas H2/CO ratio, but does not enhance its low heating value, while the addition of CO2 increases slightly the H2/CO ratio, but significantly the heating value, iii) for the present reactor, the optimum operating conditions for the gasification of the pig manure in terms of syngas heating value and yield are a gasification temperature of 1200 °C and a gasification atmosphere composed of a mixture of O2/CO2/N2; and iv) soot yields increase as the temperature increases when gasification occurs in the O2/N2 and O2/CO2/N2 environments, remaining almost constant in the O2/H2O/N2 environment.
Stasi, Christian Di; Greco, Gianluca; Canevesi, Rafael L S; Izquierdo, Teresa M; Fierro, Vanessa; Celzard, Alain; González, Belén; Manyà, Joan Josep
Influence of activation conditions on textural properties and performance of activated biochars for pyrolysis vapors upgrading Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, pp. 119759, 2020, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{DiStasi2020,
title = {Influence of activation conditions on textural properties and performance of activated biochars for pyrolysis vapors upgrading},
author = {Christian Di Stasi and Gianluca Greco and Rafael L S Canevesi and Teresa M Izquierdo and Vanessa Fierro and Alain Celzard and Belén González and Joan Josep Manyà},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119759},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Fuel},
pages = {119759},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The main aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of process activation conditions on the textural properties of the resulting activated carbons, which were produced from wheat straw-derived biochar through chemical activation (with K2CO3 at different pressures and mass impregnation ratios) and physical activation (with CO2 at different temperatures and pressures). For chemically activated biochars, it was found that specific surface area and pore size distribution were both only positively affected by increasing the carbonate loading. However, physically activated biochars produced at the highest pressure and lowest temperature (1.0 MPa and 700 °C) had the highest surface areas and widest pore size distributions. The materials with the most appropriate textural properties were then tested as catalysts for steam and dry reforming of the aqueous phase of pyrolysis oil. The best catalytic performance (a total gas yield of 74% and a selectivity toward H2 of almost 40%) was observed for a physically activated biochar. This good performance was ascribed to the high availability of K0 on the catalyst surface, which could effectively promote the reactions involved in the upgrading process.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The main aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of process activation conditions on the textural properties of the resulting activated carbons, which were produced from wheat straw-derived biochar through chemical activation (with K2CO3 at different pressures and mass impregnation ratios) and physical activation (with CO2 at different temperatures and pressures). For chemically activated biochars, it was found that specific surface area and pore size distribution were both only positively affected by increasing the carbonate loading. However, physically activated biochars produced at the highest pressure and lowest temperature (1.0 MPa and 700 °C) had the highest surface areas and widest pore size distributions. The materials with the most appropriate textural properties were then tested as catalysts for steam and dry reforming of the aqueous phase of pyrolysis oil. The best catalytic performance (a total gas yield of 74% and a selectivity toward H2 of almost 40%) was observed for a physically activated biochar. This good performance was ascribed to the high availability of K0 on the catalyst surface, which could effectively promote the reactions involved in the upgrading process.
Raso, Raquel; García, Lucia; Ruiz, Joaquín; Oliva, Miriam; Arauzo, Jesús
Study of Ni/Al-Fe Catalyst Stability in the Aqueous Phase Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol Artículo de revista
En: Catalysts 2020, Vol. 10, Page 1482, vol. 10, no 12, pp. 1482, 2020, ISSN: 2073-4344.
@article{Raso2020,
title = {Study of Ni/Al-Fe Catalyst Stability in the Aqueous Phase Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol},
author = {Raquel Raso and Lucia García and Joaquín Ruiz and Miriam Oliva and Jesús Arauzo},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/12/1482/htm https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/12/1482},
doi = {10.3390/CATAL10121482},
issn = {2073-4344},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Catalysts 2020, Vol. 10, Page 1482},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {1482},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
abstract = {The present work studied the stability and reusability of Ni/Al-Fe catalyst in the aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol without external hydrogen addition. The catalyst based on 28 molar % of Ni with 3/1 molar ratio of Al/Fe was prepared through co-precipitation. This catalyst presented the best performance in our last study which compares several Ni/Al-Fe catalysts with different molar ratios of Al/Fe. To see the influence of the pressurized water on the physicochemical characteristics of Ni/Al-Fe catalyst, a test of up to 9 h has been carried out. Fresh and used catalysts were characterized by various techniques: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and STEM. Glycerol conversion and carbon yield to gases and liquids did not vary significantly when compared at 3 h and 9 h. Furthermore, the morphology of the catalyst remains stable after continuous recycling under severe hydrothermal conditions. The nickel rich phase of the catalyst, which was determined by XRD and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques, showed a stable size after 9 h under reaction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present work studied the stability and reusability of Ni/Al-Fe catalyst in the aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol without external hydrogen addition. The catalyst based on 28 molar % of Ni with 3/1 molar ratio of Al/Fe was prepared through co-precipitation. This catalyst presented the best performance in our last study which compares several Ni/Al-Fe catalysts with different molar ratios of Al/Fe. To see the influence of the pressurized water on the physicochemical characteristics of Ni/Al-Fe catalyst, a test of up to 9 h has been carried out. Fresh and used catalysts were characterized by various techniques: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and STEM. Glycerol conversion and carbon yield to gases and liquids did not vary significantly when compared at 3 h and 9 h. Furthermore, the morphology of the catalyst remains stable after continuous recycling under severe hydrothermal conditions. The nickel rich phase of the catalyst, which was determined by XRD and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques, showed a stable size after 9 h under reaction.
Atienza-Martínez, María; Suraini, Nurull Nadia Binti; Ábrego, Javier; Fonts, Isabel; Lázaro, Luisa; Carstensen, Hans-Heinrich; Gea, Gloria
Functionalization of sewage sludge char by partial oxidation with molecular oxygen to enhance its adsorptive properties Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 125201, 2020, ISSN: 09596526.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2020b,
title = {Functionalization of sewage sludge char by partial oxidation with molecular oxygen to enhance its adsorptive properties},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Nurull Nadia Binti Suraini and Javier Ábrego and Isabel Fonts and Luisa Lázaro and Hans-Heinrich Carstensen and Gloria Gea},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652620352458},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125201},
issn = {09596526},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
pages = {125201},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gil-Lalaguna, Noemí; Afailal, Zainab; Aznar, María; Fonts, Isabel
Exploring the sustainable production of ammonia by recycling N and H in biological residues: evolution of fuel-N during glutamic acid gasification Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 124417, 2020, ISSN: 09596526.
@article{Noemi2020,
title = {Exploring the sustainable production of ammonia by recycling N and H in biological residues: evolution of fuel-N during glutamic acid gasification},
author = {Noemí Gil-Lalaguna and Zainab Afailal and María Aznar and Isabel Fonts},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124417},
issn = {09596526},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
pages = {124417},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Adanez-Rubio, Iñaki; Millera, Ángela; Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U
Effect of H2S on the S-PAH formation during ethylene pyrolysis Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, vol. 276, pp. 118033, 2020, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{Adanez-Rubio2020a,
title = {Effect of H2S on the S-PAH formation during ethylene pyrolysis},
author = {Iñaki Adanez-Rubio and Ángela Millera and Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118033},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {276},
pages = {118033},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The effect of the H2S presence on the formation of six different sulphurated polycyclic hydrocarbons (S-PAH), during the pyrolysis of ethylene-H2S mixtures, has been studied in a tubular flow reactor installation. Experiments with different inlet H2S concentrations (0.3, 0.5 and 1%) and temperatures of reaction (between 1075 and 1475 K) have been carried out. The 16 compounds that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stated as EPA-PAH priority pollutants were also analysed. EPA-PAH compounds were the majority of quantified PAH, and also S-PAH were found and quantified. For temperatures studied, the S-PAH/EPA-PAH ratio values showed a maximum value at 1075 K and a minimum value at 1175 K. With respect to the effect of the inlet concentration of H2S, the S-PAH/EPA-PAH ratio values increased with the increase of the H2S concentration.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The effect of the H2S presence on the formation of six different sulphurated polycyclic hydrocarbons (S-PAH), during the pyrolysis of ethylene-H2S mixtures, has been studied in a tubular flow reactor installation. Experiments with different inlet H2S concentrations (0.3, 0.5 and 1%) and temperatures of reaction (between 1075 and 1475 K) have been carried out. The 16 compounds that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stated as EPA-PAH priority pollutants were also analysed. EPA-PAH compounds were the majority of quantified PAH, and also S-PAH were found and quantified. For temperatures studied, the S-PAH/EPA-PAH ratio values showed a maximum value at 1075 K and a minimum value at 1175 K. With respect to the effect of the inlet concentration of H2S, the S-PAH/EPA-PAH ratio values increased with the increase of the H2S concentration.
Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Torija, Irene; Moreno, Reyes; Arauzo, Jesús; Monsalvo, Victor M
Catalytic reduction of nitrate with Pd-In2O3 Artículo de revista
En: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no 26, pp. 33181–33191, 2020, ISSN: 0944-1344.
@article{Pizarro2020,
title = {Catalytic reduction of nitrate with Pd-In2O3},
author = {Alejandro Herrero Pizarro and Irene Torija and Reyes Moreno and Jesús Arauzo and Victor M Monsalvo},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-09459-9},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-020-09459-9},
issn = {0944-1344},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
volume = {27},
number = {26},
pages = {33181--33191},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {This work presents a novel catalyst preparation method and the optimization of operation conditions for an effective NO3− conversion with a high selectivity and stability that guarantee water quality for human consumption. Catalytic reduction of NO3− and NO2− was carried out with Pd supported on In2O3 under mild operation conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) with H2 and CO2 as reducing and acidifying agents, respectively. The catalyst was used in batch experiments showing the suppression of NO2− accumulation and low NH4+ selectivity at acid pH. Long-term experiments were carried out with Pd on $gamma$-Al2O3 spheres covered with In2O3. This catalyst presented a high stability during more than 700 h. A concentration of NO3− below 50 mg/L was achieved, producing less than 0.5 mg/L of NH4+ as reaction by-product by a strict limitation of the H2 fed and controlling several operating conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This work presents a novel catalyst preparation method and the optimization of operation conditions for an effective NO3− conversion with a high selectivity and stability that guarantee water quality for human consumption. Catalytic reduction of NO3− and NO2− was carried out with Pd supported on In2O3 under mild operation conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) with H2 and CO2 as reducing and acidifying agents, respectively. The catalyst was used in batch experiments showing the suppression of NO2− accumulation and low NH4+ selectivity at acid pH. Long-term experiments were carried out with Pd on $gamma$-Al2O3 spheres covered with In2O3. This catalyst presented a high stability during more than 700 h. A concentration of NO3− below 50 mg/L was achieved, producing less than 0.5 mg/L of NH4+ as reaction by-product by a strict limitation of the H2 fed and controlling several operating conditions.
Arauzo, Pablo J; Olszewski, Maciej P; Wang, X; Pfersich, J; Sebastian, V; Manyà, Joan Josep; Hedin, Niklas; Kruse, Andrea
Assessment of the effects of process water recirculation on the surface chemistry and morphology of hydrochar Artículo de revista
En: Renewable Energy, vol. 155, pp. 1173–1180, 2020, ISSN: 18790682.
@article{Arauzo2020a,
title = {Assessment of the effects of process water recirculation on the surface chemistry and morphology of hydrochar},
author = {Pablo J Arauzo and Maciej P Olszewski and X Wang and J Pfersich and V Sebastian and Joan Josep Manyà and Niklas Hedin and Andrea Kruse},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.050},
issn = {18790682},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-01},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
volume = {155},
pages = {1173--1180},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The effect of two process water (PW) recirculation strategies after hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of brewers spent grains (BSG) is evaluated with the focus on the hydrochar characteristics. The HTC process has been carried out under different operating conditions, which are residence time between 2 and 4 h and temperature in the range of 200–220 °C. The composition of the hydrochars reveals that operating conditions have a more significant effect than PW recirculation. The composition of the liquid produced by HTC with PW recirculation is essentially controlled by the operating temperature, for instance, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the PW changes in the narrow range of 200–220 °C. A detailed analysis of PW also has been done. The main components of the liquid phase are lactic, formic, acetic, levulinic, and propionic acid as well as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, that affect the surface structure of the hydrochars.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The effect of two process water (PW) recirculation strategies after hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of brewers spent grains (BSG) is evaluated with the focus on the hydrochar characteristics. The HTC process has been carried out under different operating conditions, which are residence time between 2 and 4 h and temperature in the range of 200–220 °C. The composition of the hydrochars reveals that operating conditions have a more significant effect than PW recirculation. The composition of the liquid produced by HTC with PW recirculation is essentially controlled by the operating temperature, for instance, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the PW changes in the narrow range of 200–220 °C. A detailed analysis of PW also has been done. The main components of the liquid phase are lactic, formic, acetic, levulinic, and propionic acid as well as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, that affect the surface structure of the hydrochars.
Arauzo, Pablo J; Atienza-Martínez, María; Ábrego, Javier; Olszewski, Maciej P; Cao, Zebin; Kruse, Andrea
Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar and Pyrochar Derived from Digested Sewage Sludge Artículo de revista
En: Energies, vol. 13, no 16, pp. 4164, 2020, ISSN: 1996-1073.
@article{Arauzo2020b,
title = {Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar and Pyrochar Derived from Digested Sewage Sludge},
author = {Pablo J Arauzo and María Atienza-Martínez and Javier Ábrego and Maciej P Olszewski and Zebin Cao and Andrea Kruse},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/16/4164},
doi = {10.3390/en13164164},
issn = {1996-1073},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-01},
journal = {Energies},
volume = {13},
number = {16},
pages = {4164},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {<p>In this paper, hydrochars and pyrochars were produced at 260 °C under different residence times (2 and 4 h) using anaerobic digested sewage sludge (SSL) as initial feedstock. The effect of reaction time on the fuel properties of hydrochars and pyrochars was evaluated. Moreover, the combustion kinetics of raw SSL and the derived pyrochars and hydrochars without coal blending were determined at two different air flows (20 and 90 mL/min) and compared. In the same conditions, the yield of hydrochar was significantly lower than that of pyrochar, confirming the different reaction pathways followed in each process. The results showed hydrochars have lower carbon recovery and energy yield than pyrochars, making the latter more suitable for energy purposes. The thermogravimetric combustion study showed that both thermochemical treatments increased the ignition temperature but decreased the burnout temperature, which results in higher stability during handling and storage. However, raw SSL is better for combustion than hydrochar according to the combustibility index. In addition, the kinetic study showed that the activation energy of the combustion of biochars, especially pyrochar, is lower than that of raw SSL, which is advantageous for their combustion.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>In this paper, hydrochars and pyrochars were produced at 260 °C under different residence times (2 and 4 h) using anaerobic digested sewage sludge (SSL) as initial feedstock. The effect of reaction time on the fuel properties of hydrochars and pyrochars was evaluated. Moreover, the combustion kinetics of raw SSL and the derived pyrochars and hydrochars without coal blending were determined at two different air flows (20 and 90 mL/min) and compared. In the same conditions, the yield of hydrochar was significantly lower than that of pyrochar, confirming the different reaction pathways followed in each process. The results showed hydrochars have lower carbon recovery and energy yield than pyrochars, making the latter more suitable for energy purposes. The thermogravimetric combustion study showed that both thermochemical treatments increased the ignition temperature but decreased the burnout temperature, which results in higher stability during handling and storage. However, raw SSL is better for combustion than hydrochar according to the combustibility index. In addition, the kinetic study showed that the activation energy of the combustion of biochars, especially pyrochar, is lower than that of raw SSL, which is advantageous for their combustion.</p>
González, Belén; Manyà, Joan Josep
Activated olive mill waste-based hydrochars as selective adsorbents for CO2 capture under postcombustion conditions Artículo de revista
En: Chemical Engineering and Processing – Process Intensification, vol. 149, pp. 107830, 2020, ISSN: 02552701.
@article{Gonzalez2020,
title = {Activated olive mill waste-based hydrochars as selective adsorbents for CO2 capture under postcombustion conditions},
author = {Belén González and Joan Josep Manyà},
doi = {10.1016/j.cep.2020.107830},
issn = {02552701},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-01},
journal = {Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification},
volume = {149},
pages = {107830},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Porous carbons are considered to be promising sorbents for carbon capture and sequestration. As precursors, the use of biomass materials has acquiring special interest due to its low cost and high availability. Among all the possibilities to convert low-value biomass into these interesting sorbents, hydrothermal carbonization has demonstrated several advantages such as lower energy consumption over pyrolysis. In this work, activated hydrochars using two-phase olive mill waste as precursor have been prepared through physical and chemical activation using CO2 and KOH, respectively. Additionally, with the aim to study the influence of the nitrogen on their adsorption capacity, N-doped adsorbents have been prepared through a one-step hydrothermal carbonization. The behaviour of these adsorbents has been studied in terms of CO2 uptake capacity at an absolute pressure of 15 kPa and temperatures of 0, 25 and 75 °C, apparent selectivity towards CO2 over N2, and isosteric heat of adsorption. Among all these samples, the physically activated hydrochar appears to be the best due to its higher CO2 uptakes, adsorption rates and values of selectivity at 25 °C. Therefore, considering these results, doping these materials with nitrogen does not appear to enhance their adsorption properties, contrary to what some authors have previously reported.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Porous carbons are considered to be promising sorbents for carbon capture and sequestration. As precursors, the use of biomass materials has acquiring special interest due to its low cost and high availability. Among all the possibilities to convert low-value biomass into these interesting sorbents, hydrothermal carbonization has demonstrated several advantages such as lower energy consumption over pyrolysis. In this work, activated hydrochars using two-phase olive mill waste as precursor have been prepared through physical and chemical activation using CO2 and KOH, respectively. Additionally, with the aim to study the influence of the nitrogen on their adsorption capacity, N-doped adsorbents have been prepared through a one-step hydrothermal carbonization. The behaviour of these adsorbents has been studied in terms of CO2 uptake capacity at an absolute pressure of 15 kPa and temperatures of 0, 25 and 75 °C, apparent selectivity towards CO2 over N2, and isosteric heat of adsorption. Among all these samples, the physically activated hydrochar appears to be the best due to its higher CO2 uptakes, adsorption rates and values of selectivity at 25 °C. Therefore, considering these results, doping these materials with nitrogen does not appear to enhance their adsorption properties, contrary to what some authors have previously reported.
Colom-Díaz, Juan Manuel; Leciñena, M; Peláez, A; Abián, María; Millera, Ángela; Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U
Study of the conversion of CH4/H2S mixtures at different pressures Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, vol. 262, pp. 116484, 2020, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{Colom-Diaz2020,
title = {Study of the conversion of CH4/H2S mixtures at different pressures},
author = {Juan Manuel Colom-Díaz and M Leciñena and A Peláez and María Abián and Ángela Millera and Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116484},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {262},
pages = {116484},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Due to the different scenarios where sour gas is present, its composition can be different and, therefore, it can be exploited through different processes, being combustion one of them. In this context, this work deals with the oxidation of CH4 and H2S at different pressures and under a wide variety of conditions. The oxidation has been evaluated experimentally in two different flow reactor set-ups, one working at atmospheric pressure and another one operating from atmospheric to high pressures (40 bar). Different CH4/H2S mixtures have been tested, together with different oxygen concentrations and in the temperature range of 500–1400 K. The experimental results obtained show that the oxidation of the CH4/H2S mixtures is shifted to lower temperatures as pressure increases, obtaining the same trends at atmospheric pressure in both experimental set-ups. H2S oxidation occurs prior to CH4 oxidation at all conditions, providing radicals to the system that promote CH4 oxidation to lower temperatures (compared to neat CH4 oxidation). This effect is more relevant as pressure increases. H2S oxidation is inhibited by CH4 at atmospheric pressure, being more noticeable when the CH4/H2S ratio is higher. At higher pressures, the H2S conversion occurs similarly in the absence or presence of CH4. The experimental results have been modeled with an updated kinetic model from previous works from the literature, which, in general, matches well the experimental trends, while some discrepancies between experimental and modeling results at atmospheric pressure and 40 bar are found in the conversion of H2S and CH4.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Due to the different scenarios where sour gas is present, its composition can be different and, therefore, it can be exploited through different processes, being combustion one of them. In this context, this work deals with the oxidation of CH4 and H2S at different pressures and under a wide variety of conditions. The oxidation has been evaluated experimentally in two different flow reactor set-ups, one working at atmospheric pressure and another one operating from atmospheric to high pressures (40 bar). Different CH4/H2S mixtures have been tested, together with different oxygen concentrations and in the temperature range of 500–1400 K. The experimental results obtained show that the oxidation of the CH4/H2S mixtures is shifted to lower temperatures as pressure increases, obtaining the same trends at atmospheric pressure in both experimental set-ups. H2S oxidation occurs prior to CH4 oxidation at all conditions, providing radicals to the system that promote CH4 oxidation to lower temperatures (compared to neat CH4 oxidation). This effect is more relevant as pressure increases. H2S oxidation is inhibited by CH4 at atmospheric pressure, being more noticeable when the CH4/H2S ratio is higher. At higher pressures, the H2S conversion occurs similarly in the absence or presence of CH4. The experimental results have been modeled with an updated kinetic model from previous works from the literature, which, in general, matches well the experimental trends, while some discrepancies between experimental and modeling results at atmospheric pressure and 40 bar are found in the conversion of H2S and CH4.
Atienza-Martínez, María; Ábrego, Javier; Gea, Gloria; Marías, Frédéric
Pyrolysis of dairy cattle manure: evolution of char characteristics Artículo de revista
En: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 145, pp. 104724, 2020, ISSN: 01652370.
@article{Atienza-Martinez2020,
title = {Pyrolysis of dairy cattle manure: evolution of char characteristics},
author = {María Atienza-Martínez and Javier Ábrego and Gloria Gea and Frédéric Marías},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104724},
issn = {01652370},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis},
volume = {145},
pages = {104724},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Livestock manure management constitutes a major challenge at this time. Traditionally, this waste has been used as fertilizer. Excessive application of this residual organic matter on agricultural soils can cause soil quality degradation due to heavy metals accumulation, migration of pathogens to water sources and food, and generation of greenhouse gases. As a promising alternative to land application, pyrolysis of livestock manure allows to obtain biochar, bio-oil and syngas. The goal of this work is to study slow pyrolysis of digested dairy cattle manure (DM) both through one-step and multi-step pyrolysis at increasing temperature in the range 250-600 °C. The non-condensable gases composition was continuously analyzed by gas chromatography. Char properties were characterized by ultimate analysis, heavy metals content, ash content, higher heating value (HHV), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), textural properties (specific surface area, pore volume and average pore width) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that both the product distribution and the properties of char depended on pyrolysis temperature. Char obtained after the last step of multi-step pyrolysis had similar properties to that obtained in one-step pyrolysis. Thus, the cooling and re-heating of the solid between steps did not have a significant effect on the pyrolysis pathway. Pyrolysis at between 400-550 °C allowed to reach a compromise between char pH and electrical conductivity for its potential use as soil amendment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Livestock manure management constitutes a major challenge at this time. Traditionally, this waste has been used as fertilizer. Excessive application of this residual organic matter on agricultural soils can cause soil quality degradation due to heavy metals accumulation, migration of pathogens to water sources and food, and generation of greenhouse gases. As a promising alternative to land application, pyrolysis of livestock manure allows to obtain biochar, bio-oil and syngas. The goal of this work is to study slow pyrolysis of digested dairy cattle manure (DM) both through one-step and multi-step pyrolysis at increasing temperature in the range 250-600 °C. The non-condensable gases composition was continuously analyzed by gas chromatography. Char properties were characterized by ultimate analysis, heavy metals content, ash content, higher heating value (HHV), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), textural properties (specific surface area, pore volume and average pore width) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that both the product distribution and the properties of char depended on pyrolysis temperature. Char obtained after the last step of multi-step pyrolysis had similar properties to that obtained in one-step pyrolysis. Thus, the cooling and re-heating of the solid between steps did not have a significant effect on the pyrolysis pathway. Pyrolysis at between 400-550 °C allowed to reach a compromise between char pH and electrical conductivity for its potential use as soil amendment.
Videgain-Marco, María; Marco-Montori, Pedro; Martí-Dalmau, Clara; Jaizme-Vega, María Carmen; Manyà, Joan Josep; García-Ramos, Francisco Javier
Effects of Biochar Application in a Sorghum Crop under Greenhouse Conditions: Growth Parameters and Physicochemical Fertility Artículo de revista
En: Agronomy, vol. 10, no 1, pp. 104, 2020, ISSN: 2073-4395.
@article{Videgain-Marco2020,
title = {Effects of Biochar Application in a Sorghum Crop under Greenhouse Conditions: Growth Parameters and Physicochemical Fertility},
author = {María Videgain-Marco and Pedro Marco-Montori and Clara Martí-Dalmau and María Carmen Jaizme-Vega and Joan Josep Manyà and Francisco Javier García-Ramos},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/1/104},
doi = {10.3390/agronomy10010104},
issn = {2073-4395},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Agronomy},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {104},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Application of biochar from vine shoots (Vitis vinifera L.) as an organic amendment in the soil is an alternative agricultural management of interest. The behavior of this type of amendment in the soil requires more information to adjust the pyrolysis conditions in order to obtain a high-quality biochar. The aim of this work is determining the influence of the application of this type of biochar on the soil-plant system. For this purpose, an agronomic test was performed in greenhouse pots. A randomized tri-factorial block design was adopted with the following factors: final pyrolysis temperature (400 and 600 °C), application rate (0 wt. % as a control, 1.5 and 3 wt. %) and texture of the growing media (sandy-loam and clay-loam origin). The selected crop was sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), the development and production of which was evaluated during two complete growing cycles under greenhouse conditions. Application of biochar produced at 400 °C significantly increased plants roots dry weight in the sandy-loam growing substrate (52% compared to the control). Grain production was also significantly affected by biochar application, showing better results after addition of biochar produced at 400 °C. Water holding capacity and K, Ca, and Mg contents were enhanced by biochar addition, with evident effects of the application ratios for some of these variables. The effect on the pH of substrates in the sandy-loam texture was weak; however, a significant decrease was observed after the addition of biochar produced at 600 °C.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Application of biochar from vine shoots (Vitis vinifera L.) as an organic amendment in the soil is an alternative agricultural management of interest. The behavior of this type of amendment in the soil requires more information to adjust the pyrolysis conditions in order to obtain a high-quality biochar. The aim of this work is determining the influence of the application of this type of biochar on the soil-plant system. For this purpose, an agronomic test was performed in greenhouse pots. A randomized tri-factorial block design was adopted with the following factors: final pyrolysis temperature (400 and 600 °C), application rate (0 wt. % as a control, 1.5 and 3 wt. %) and texture of the growing media (sandy-loam and clay-loam origin). The selected crop was sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), the development and production of which was evaluated during two complete growing cycles under greenhouse conditions. Application of biochar produced at 400 °C significantly increased plants roots dry weight in the sandy-loam growing substrate (52% compared to the control). Grain production was also significantly affected by biochar application, showing better results after addition of biochar produced at 400 °C. Water holding capacity and K, Ca, and Mg contents were enhanced by biochar addition, with evident effects of the application ratios for some of these variables. The effect on the pH of substrates in the sandy-loam texture was weak; however, a significant decrease was observed after the addition of biochar produced at 600 °C.
Manyà, Joan Josep; García-Morcate, David; González, Belén
Adsorption Performance of Physically Activated Biochars for Postcombustion CO2 Capture from Dry and Humid Flue Gas Artículo de revista
En: Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no 1, pp. 376, 2020, ISSN: 2076-3417.
@article{Manya2020,
title = {Adsorption Performance of Physically Activated Biochars for Postcombustion CO2 Capture from Dry and Humid Flue Gas},
author = {Joan Josep Manyà and David García-Morcate and Belén González},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/376},
doi = {10.3390/app10010376},
issn = {2076-3417},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {376},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {In the present study, the performance of four biomass-derived physically activated biochars for dynamic CO2 capture was assessed. Biochars were first produced from vine shoots and wheat straw pellets through slow pyrolysis (at pressures of 0.1 and 0.5 MPa) and then activated with CO2 (at 0.1 MPa and 800 °C) up to different degrees of burn-off. Cyclic adsorption-desorption measurements were conducted under both dry and humid conditions using a packed-bed of adsorbent at relatively short residence times of the gas phase (12–13 s). The adsorbent prepared from the vine shoots-derived biochar obtained by atmospheric pyrolysis, which showed the most hierarchical pore size distribution, exhibited a good and stable performance under dry conditions and at an adsorption temperature of 50 °C, due to the enhanced CO2 adsorption and desorption rates. However, the presence of relatively high concentrations of water vapor in the feeding gas clearly interfered with the CO2 adsorption mechanism, leading to significantly shorter breakthrough times. In this case, the highest percentages of a used bed were achieved by one of the other activated biochars tested, which was prepared from the wheat straw-derived biochar obtained by pressurized pyrolysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the present study, the performance of four biomass-derived physically activated biochars for dynamic CO2 capture was assessed. Biochars were first produced from vine shoots and wheat straw pellets through slow pyrolysis (at pressures of 0.1 and 0.5 MPa) and then activated with CO2 (at 0.1 MPa and 800 °C) up to different degrees of burn-off. Cyclic adsorption-desorption measurements were conducted under both dry and humid conditions using a packed-bed of adsorbent at relatively short residence times of the gas phase (12–13 s). The adsorbent prepared from the vine shoots-derived biochar obtained by atmospheric pyrolysis, which showed the most hierarchical pore size distribution, exhibited a good and stable performance under dry conditions and at an adsorption temperature of 50 °C, due to the enhanced CO2 adsorption and desorption rates. However, the presence of relatively high concentrations of water vapor in the feeding gas clearly interfered with the CO2 adsorption mechanism, leading to significantly shorter breakthrough times. In this case, the highest percentages of a used bed were achieved by one of the other activated biochars tested, which was prepared from the wheat straw-derived biochar obtained by pressurized pyrolysis.
González, Belén; Kokot-Blamey, John; Fennell, Paul
Enhancement of CaO-based sorbent for CO2 capture through doping with seawater Artículo de revista
En: Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, vol. 10, no 5, pp. 878–883, 2020, ISSN: 21523878.
@article{Gonzalez2020b,
title = {Enhancement of CaO-based sorbent for CO2 capture through doping with seawater},
author = {Belén González and John Kokot-Blamey and Paul Fennell},
doi = {10.1002/ghg.2013},
issn = {21523878},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {878--883},
abstract = {Limestone can be used to generate a sorbent suitable for CO2 capture via the reversible carbonation of CaO, in a process often referred to as calcium looping. This sorbent loses reactivity to CO2 upon cycles of carbonation and calcination (the reverse of carbonation). Several methods of improving sorbent performance have previously been investigated, including by generating synthetic sorbents or simple doping. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that sorbent performance can be enhanced by simple doping with seawater. This effect is consistent across five different limestones investigated and can be enhanced by steam addition. This would be a simple and inexpensive method for improving sorbent performance in calcium looping processes. textcopyright 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Limestone can be used to generate a sorbent suitable for CO2 capture via the reversible carbonation of CaO, in a process often referred to as calcium looping. This sorbent loses reactivity to CO2 upon cycles of carbonation and calcination (the reverse of carbonation). Several methods of improving sorbent performance have previously been investigated, including by generating synthetic sorbents or simple doping. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that sorbent performance can be enhanced by simple doping with seawater. This effect is consistent across five different limestones investigated and can be enhanced by steam addition. This would be a simple and inexpensive method for improving sorbent performance in calcium looping processes. textcopyright 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2019
Artículos de revista
Colom-Díaz, Juan Manuel; Abián, María; Millera, Ángela; Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U
Influence of pressure on H2S oxidation. Experiments and kinetic modeling Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, vol. 258, pp. 116145, 2019, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{Colom-Diaz2019b,
title = {Influence of pressure on H2S oxidation. Experiments and kinetic modeling},
author = {Juan Manuel Colom-Díaz and María Abián and Ángela Millera and Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116145},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {258},
pages = {116145},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The oxidation of H2S at different manometric pressures (0.6–40 bar), in the temperature range of 500–1000 K and under slightly oxidizing conditions ($łambda$ = 2), has been studied. Experiments have been performed in a quartz tubular flow reactor. The results have shown that H2S conversion shifts to lower temperatures as the pressure increases. The kinetic model used in this work is based on a previous one proposed by the authors to describe H2S oxidation at atmospheric pressure, which has been updated with a H2/O2 reaction subset for high pressures. Model results match fairly well the experimental ones both from the present work and from the literature. The reaction pathways of H2S oxidation analyzed are similar to the ones at atmospheric pressure. The differences are found in the radicals that are involved in the oxidation process at the different pressures. For a given temperature it is shown that, under the operating conditions of this work, pressure will have a major role than the gas residence time in the oxidation rate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The oxidation of H2S at different manometric pressures (0.6–40 bar), in the temperature range of 500–1000 K and under slightly oxidizing conditions ($łambda$ = 2), has been studied. Experiments have been performed in a quartz tubular flow reactor. The results have shown that H2S conversion shifts to lower temperatures as the pressure increases. The kinetic model used in this work is based on a previous one proposed by the authors to describe H2S oxidation at atmospheric pressure, which has been updated with a H2/O2 reaction subset for high pressures. Model results match fairly well the experimental ones both from the present work and from the literature. The reaction pathways of H2S oxidation analyzed are similar to the ones at atmospheric pressure. The differences are found in the radicals that are involved in the oxidation process at the different pressures. For a given temperature it is shown that, under the operating conditions of this work, pressure will have a major role than the gas residence time in the oxidation rate.
Plaza, Daniel; Artigas, Julia; Ábrego, Javier; Gonzalo, Alberto; Sánchez, José Luis; Dro, Augustin Diomandé; Richardson, Yohan
Design and operation of a small-scale carbonization kiln for cashew nutshell valorization in Burkina Faso Artículo de revista
En: Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 53, pp. 71–80, 2019, ISSN: 23524669.
@article{Plaza2019,
title = {Design and operation of a small-scale carbonization kiln for cashew nutshell valorization in Burkina Faso},
author = {Daniel Plaza and Julia Artigas and Javier Ábrego and Alberto Gonzalo and José Luis Sánchez and Augustin Diomandé Dro and Yohan Richardson},
doi = {10.1016/j.esd.2019.10.005},
issn = {23524669},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-01},
journal = {Energy for Sustainable Development},
volume = {53},
pages = {71--80},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {This paper describes the process of planning, design, building and first operation tests of a carbonization reactor for the valorization of cashew nutshells, obtained as byproduct from small-scale cashew cultivation and processing in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. The main technical requirements for the reactor were: low cost and ease of construction, robustness, autothermal operation, no need for pre or post-treatments for feedstock and products, and readily useable product fractions in a local scale. Design modifications are discussed and justified. Characterization of the raw material, data from the first successful operational tests, as well as product distribution and characterization, are presented. This carbonization prototype allows for the sustainable valorization of an otherwise problematic biomass residue, creating added-value products that would enhance the economic profitability of local processors. The use of the main charcoal product as a fuel substitute for household cooking is preliminarily assessed, and the recovery of potentially valuable cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) is accomplished.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes the process of planning, design, building and first operation tests of a carbonization reactor for the valorization of cashew nutshells, obtained as byproduct from small-scale cashew cultivation and processing in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. The main technical requirements for the reactor were: low cost and ease of construction, robustness, autothermal operation, no need for pre or post-treatments for feedstock and products, and readily useable product fractions in a local scale. Design modifications are discussed and justified. Characterization of the raw material, data from the first successful operational tests, as well as product distribution and characterization, are presented. This carbonization prototype allows for the sustainable valorization of an otherwise problematic biomass residue, creating added-value products that would enhance the economic profitability of local processors. The use of the main charcoal product as a fuel substitute for household cooking is preliminarily assessed, and the recovery of potentially valuable cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) is accomplished.
Stasi, Christian Di; Alvira, Darío; Greco, Gianluca; González, Belén; Manyà, Joan Josep
Physically activated wheat straw-derived biochar for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading with high resistance against coke deactivation Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, vol. 255, pp. 115807, 2019, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{DiStasi2019,
title = {Physically activated wheat straw-derived biochar for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading with high resistance against coke deactivation},
author = {Christian Di Stasi and Darío Alvira and Gianluca Greco and Belén González and Joan Josep Manyà},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115807},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {255},
pages = {115807},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Wheat straw-derived biochars (produced through slow pyrolysis at 500 °C and 0.1 MPa) were physically (with CO2) and chemically (with K2CO3) activated to assess their performance as renewable and low-cost catalysts for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading. Preliminary cracking experiments, which were carried out at 700 °C using a mixture of four representative model compounds, revealed a clear correlation between the volume of micropores of the catalyst and the total gas production, suggesting that physical activation up to a degree of burn-off of 40% was the most interesting activation route. Next, steam reforming experiments were conducted using the most microporous material to analyze the effect of both the bed temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the total gas production. The results showed a strong dependence between the bed temperature and the total gas production, with the best result obtained at the highest temperature (750 °C). On the other hand, the change in GHSV led to minor changes in the total gas yield, with a maximum achieved at 14500 h−1. Under the best operating conditions deduced in the previous stages, the addition of CO2 into the feed gas stream (partial pressure of 20 kPa) resulted in a total gas production of 98% with a H2/CO molar ratio of 2.16. This good result, which was also observed during the upgrading of the aqueous phase of a real biomass pyrolysis oil, was ascribed to the relatively high coke gasification rate, which refresh the active surface area preventing deactivation by coke deposition.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wheat straw-derived biochars (produced through slow pyrolysis at 500 °C and 0.1 MPa) were physically (with CO2) and chemically (with K2CO3) activated to assess their performance as renewable and low-cost catalysts for biomass pyrolysis vapors upgrading. Preliminary cracking experiments, which were carried out at 700 °C using a mixture of four representative model compounds, revealed a clear correlation between the volume of micropores of the catalyst and the total gas production, suggesting that physical activation up to a degree of burn-off of 40% was the most interesting activation route. Next, steam reforming experiments were conducted using the most microporous material to analyze the effect of both the bed temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the total gas production. The results showed a strong dependence between the bed temperature and the total gas production, with the best result obtained at the highest temperature (750 °C). On the other hand, the change in GHSV led to minor changes in the total gas yield, with a maximum achieved at 14500 h−1. Under the best operating conditions deduced in the previous stages, the addition of CO2 into the feed gas stream (partial pressure of 20 kPa) resulted in a total gas production of 98% with a H2/CO molar ratio of 2.16. This good result, which was also observed during the upgrading of the aqueous phase of a real biomass pyrolysis oil, was ascribed to the relatively high coke gasification rate, which refresh the active surface area preventing deactivation by coke deposition.
Abián, María; Pernía, Ricardo; Millera, Ángela; Bilbao, Rafael; Alzueta, María U
Reactivity of Standard Diesel Particulate Matter with NO2 under Different Operating Conditions Artículo de revista
En: Energy and Fuels, vol. 33, no 11, pp. 11932–11940, 2019, ISSN: 15205029.
@article{Abian2019a,
title = {Reactivity of Standard Diesel Particulate Matter with NO2 under Different Operating Conditions},
author = {María Abián and Ricardo Pernía and Ángela Millera and Rafael Bilbao and María U Alzueta},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines},
doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02779},
issn = {15205029},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-01},
urldate = {2019-11-01},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
volume = {33},
number = {11},
pages = {11932--11940},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
abstract = {Nowadays, diesel vehicles include exhaust treatment technologies, such as diesel particulate filters, to meet the emission limitations of soot. Within the particle trap, soot can be oxidized by interaction with nitrogen oxides (NOx). The extent of this interaction will depend on the specific conditions at the trap, the nitrogen oxide considered (NO2 or NO), and the nature of the soot sample. In this context, the reactivity of a standard diesel particulate matter (SRM 1650b-NIST) with NO2 has been analyzed. The tests have been performed in a laboratory quartz gas flow reactor, discontinuous for the solid, in the 723-998 K temperature range and with 100-500 ppm NO2 as an oxidant. Additionally, the soot sample has been characterized through Raman spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Both temperature and inlet NO2 concentration are key parameters affecting the reactivity of soot with NO2. Temperatures ≥ 898 K are needed to achieve a complete conversion of carbon in soot and temperatures ≤ 973 K to limit the gas-phase conversion of NO2 into NO. Therefore, the experimental results from the tests performed in the 898-973 K temperature range have been used to determine the reaction kinetics (apparent activation energy and reaction order) of the reference diesel soot oxidation by NO2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nowadays, diesel vehicles include exhaust treatment technologies, such as diesel particulate filters, to meet the emission limitations of soot. Within the particle trap, soot can be oxidized by interaction with nitrogen oxides (NOx). The extent of this interaction will depend on the specific conditions at the trap, the nitrogen oxide considered (NO2 or NO), and the nature of the soot sample. In this context, the reactivity of a standard diesel particulate matter (SRM 1650b-NIST) with NO2 has been analyzed. The tests have been performed in a laboratory quartz gas flow reactor, discontinuous for the solid, in the 723-998 K temperature range and with 100-500 ppm NO2 as an oxidant. Additionally, the soot sample has been characterized through Raman spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Both temperature and inlet NO2 concentration are key parameters affecting the reactivity of soot with NO2. Temperatures ≥ 898 K are needed to achieve a complete conversion of carbon in soot and temperatures ≤ 973 K to limit the gas-phase conversion of NO2 into NO. Therefore, the experimental results from the tests performed in the 898-973 K temperature range have been used to determine the reaction kinetics (apparent activation energy and reaction order) of the reference diesel soot oxidation by NO2
Lavoie, Jean Michel; Ghislain, Thierry; Bahl, Emmanuelle; Arauzo, Jesús; Gonzalo, Alberto; Gil-Lalaguna, Noemí; Sánchez, José Luis
Renewable antioxidant additive for biodiesel obtained from black liquor Artículo de revista
En: Fuel, vol. 254, pp. 115689, 2019, ISSN: 00162361.
@article{Lavoie2019,
title = {Renewable antioxidant additive for biodiesel obtained from black liquor},
author = {Jean Michel Lavoie and Thierry Ghislain and Emmanuelle Bahl and Jesús Arauzo and Alberto Gonzalo and Noemí Gil-Lalaguna and José Luis Sánchez},
doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115689},
issn = {00162361},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-01},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {254},
pages = {115689},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Black liquor obtained from semichemical pulping of barley straw was depolymerized in a stirred autoclave reactor, at temperature in the range of 250–300 °C while varying the amount of catalyst (zeolite Y). Three fractions were obtained from the depolymerized liquor: a fraction directly extracted from the liquid with isopropyl acetate (L$alpha$), a second one which contains the heaviest compounds precipitated from the liquid at pH 1 (L$beta$) and a third one obtained by extraction of the acidified liquid (L$gamma$). The three fractions were tested as antioxidant additives for biodiesel, blending them individually at a dosage of 1 wt%. The antioxidant activity was L$alpha$ > L$gamma$ > L$beta$. The L$alpha$ fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity, increasing the oxidation stability time over neat biodiesel from 150 to 250%. The phenolic volatile content of the fractions (measured by GC/MS) decreased in the same rank (L$alpha$ > L$gamma$ > L$beta$), so there doesn't seem to be correlation between the volatile content and the increase of antioxidant activity. Depolymerizarion temperature was the most influential parameter, showing a clear positive effect on the antioxidant activity for the three fractions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Black liquor obtained from semichemical pulping of barley straw was depolymerized in a stirred autoclave reactor, at temperature in the range of 250–300 °C while varying the amount of catalyst (zeolite Y). Three fractions were obtained from the depolymerized liquor: a fraction directly extracted from the liquid with isopropyl acetate (L$alpha$), a second one which contains the heaviest compounds precipitated from the liquid at pH 1 (L$beta$) and a third one obtained by extraction of the acidified liquid (L$gamma$). The three fractions were tested as antioxidant additives for biodiesel, blending them individually at a dosage of 1 wt%. The antioxidant activity was L$alpha$ > L$gamma$ > L$beta$. The L$alpha$ fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity, increasing the oxidation stability time over neat biodiesel from 150 to 250%. The phenolic volatile content of the fractions (measured by GC/MS) decreased in the same rank (L$alpha$ > L$gamma$ > L$beta$), so there doesn’t seem to be correlation between the volatile content and the increase of antioxidant activity. Depolymerizarion temperature was the most influential parameter, showing a clear positive effect on the antioxidant activity for the three fractions.